新视野研究生英语读说写2_课文翻译及课后答案(7)

26、Before mid-millennium, Gen Xers will be the CEOs of the future. This is a time when Gen X‘s visionary qualities will be most valued by firms. Will their anger with pollution, devastation of natural resources, and waste inspire them to responsible environmental stewardship？Will their disgust with corruption and scandal stimulate ethical corporate leadership? Will their experiences as the forgotten generation motivate them to create supportive corporate cultures? Will their experiences as a marginal group help them to envision, and sponsor, corporate cultural diversity? Only time will tell.

到21世纪中叶，X一代人将成为未来的首席执行官。那时，X一代人的远见将最为受到公司的重视。他们对于污染、自然资源遭到破坏及浪费等问题的愤怒是否会促使他们成为更负责任的环境保护者呢？他们对于腐败和丑闻的厌恶是否会激发他们成为更有职业道德的公司领导者呢？他们作为被遗忘的一代的经历是否会驱使他们创造对员工有更多支持和帮助的公司文化呢？

他们作为边缘群体的经历是否会有助于他们设想并支持公司文化的多样性呢？只有时间可以回答这些问题。

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5 建立婚姻新规范的七条准则

David Popenoe

I propose as a remedy for socieyt‘s confusion over marital gender-role expectations, a pattern of late marriage followed, in the early childrearing years, by what one could call a ―modified traditional nuclear family.‖ The main elements of this pattern can be summarized as follows. (I recognize, of course, that this pattern—being a set of normative expectations—is not something to which everyone can or should conform.)

为了解决社会对婚姻中性别角色期望的困惑，我提议一种婚姻模式：晚婚，然后在哺育小孩子的前几年采纳一种可称为“改良型传统核心家庭”的家庭模式。这个婚姻模式的主要部分可以归纳如下(我当然承认这个模式包含的是一套规范性的期望，并不是每个人都能够或者应该遵循的。)

(1) Girls as well as boys should be trained according to their abilities for a socially useful paid job or career. It is important for women to be able to achieve the economic, social, and psychic rewards of the workplace that have long been reserved for men. It is important for society that everyone be well educated and that they make an important work contribution over the course of their lives.

不仅男孩而且女孩都应该根据他们的能力得到训练，以从事对社会有用的，并能获得报酬的工作或职业。能够在长期以来是男性领地的工作中获得经济的、社会的、心理的回报对女性非常重要。每个人都能够接受良好的教育并且在他们的生命历程中对所从事的工作做出重要的贡献，这对社会非常重要。

(2) Young people should grow up with the expectation that they will marry only once and for a lifetime and that they will have children. Reproduction is a fundamental purpose of life, and marriage is instrumental to its success. Today, close to 90percent of Americans actually marry, and about the same percentage of American women have children: Although these figures have been dropping, the social expectation in these respects is currently quite well realized. Lifetime monogamy is not so well realized, however, with the divorce rate now standing at over 50 percent.

我们期望年轻人在长大成人后只结一次婚，并且这场婚姻能持续一生，我们还期望他们生儿育女。生命繁衍是人生的根本目的，而婚姻对于这一目标的实现至关重要。当前，接近90%的美国人确实结了婚，大约有相同比例的美国女性生育了孩子：虽然这些数字一直在下降，但是目前社会在这些方面的期望还是较好地得到了实现。然而由于当前离婚率超过50%，社会对终生一夫一妻的期望就不如人意了。

(3) Young adults should be encouraged to marry later in life than is common now, with an average age at time of marriage in the late twenties or early thirties (the average ages currently are twenty-six for men and twenty-four for women). Even later might be better for men, but better for men, but at older ages than this for women who want children, the ―biological clock‖ becomes a growing problem.

应该鼓励年轻人比现在的普遍年龄在晚一些，平均结婚年龄在30岁左右。甚至再晚

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一些对男性更好。但是如果超过这个年龄，对于想要小孩的女性来说，生物钟问题将越来越突出。

Form society‘s viewpoint, the most important reason why people should be encouraged to marry relatively late in life is that they are more mature, they know better what they want in a mate, they are more established in their jobs or careers, and the men have begun to ―settle down‖, sexually (partly due to a biological diminution of their sex drive). Age at marriage has proven to be the single most important predictor of eventual divorce, with the highest divorce rates found among those who marry in their teenage years. But we must also recognize that both women and men want to have time, when they are young, to enjoy the many opportunities for personal expression and fulfillment that modern, affluent societies are able to provide.

从社会的角度看，鼓励人们相对晚婚的最重要的上网理由是，那是他们更成熟，更明白想从自己另一半哪里得到什么，有更好的工作和事业基础，而且男性性生活趋于平稳。结婚年龄已经被证明是能够预测最终是否离婚的唯一的最重要的因素。离婚率最高的群体是那些十几岁就结婚的年轻人。但是我们也必须承认男性和女性都希望在年轻的时候有时间享有现在富有社会所提供的表达自我，实现自我的诸多机会。

We should anticipate that many of these years of young adulthood will be spent in nonmarital cohabitation, an arrangement that often makes more sense than the alternatives to it, especially living along or continuing to live with one‘s family of origin. I am not implying, much less advocating, sexual promiscuity here, but rather serious, caring relationships which may involve cohabitation.

我们应该预料到成年初期的不少年头将会在非婚同居中度过。比起其他选择。特备是独居胡哟这继续生活在原来家里的，这是一个更加合乎常理的生活安排。我这里不是在暗示，更不是在倡导滥交，而是指严肃，相互关爱的，可能涉及同居的恋爱关系。

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