Survey of English Speaking Countries(2)

Islam

Originated in early AD 600 Started by the Prophet Mohammed Doctrine is in the Koran (Qur an)

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--Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. --Provides a moral or ethical code to be followed

A follower of Islam is called a Muslim (Moslem)

Christianity

Originated in AD 30

Started by the teachings of Jesus Christ

Doctrine is in the Holy Bible, especially the New Testament

--Idea of 3 in 1: The Father (God), Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit

--Christians hope to attain “eternal life” by following the teachings of Jesus (who was himself resurrected in the bible).

Divided into many groups: Catholic, Orthodox & Protestant A follower of Christianity is called a Christian.

Judaism

Originated around 350 B.C. Doctrine is the Torah

---The law of God as revealed to Moses

---God is one, all-knowing and all-powerful (do not believe that Jesus was the son of God)

Jewish Churches are called Synagogues Both a religion and an ethnic group Early Christians were Jewish

A follower of Judaism is called a “Jew”

Religious Holidays

Christmas (Dec. 25th)

---Christ s Birthday

Easter (1st Sunday after Vernal Equinox)

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---Death and Resurrection of Christ ---Paint eggs

The Sabbath or “Day of Rest”

---Sundays

Review Questions

The Majority of Americans practice what faith?

What is the largest and most powerful religious denomination in England?

Bush’s 9/11 Speech

According to Bush, why was America attacked? What will America do about it?

Terrorism

Al Qaeda

---Founded by Osama Bin Laden ---Responsible for 9/11 attacks

Bush

---War on terrorism ---Pre-emptive attacks ---“Culture of Fear” ---Muslims in airports

US Interventions Post-WWII

Cold war with Soviet Union Protecting US Business interests

Protecting US interests, allies, and civilian populations

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Arguments for/against “world police”

---Very expensive

UK Government & Political Parties Constitutional Monarchy

Parliament

---House Of Commons ---House of Lords ---The Monarch

The “Government” (Executive) Judicial

Queen Elizabeth II

At her Coronation 2 June 1953

The House of Commons

Currently 646 members (5 districts were eliminated since the book was published)

---Members are elected from Districts

Hold seats for a maximum of 5 years.

Presided over by the Speaker, elected from the majority party. Divided by political parties

---Majority = Government ---Minority = Opposition

Functions of the House of Commons

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Makes laws.

Majority party leader creates the Government: Prime Minister & Cabinet

Commons controls the country s money Opposition party provides counterpoint view.

How a law is passed

1.A bill is proposed in the House of Commons

---1st Reading: Ceremonial

---2nd Reading: Rejected or sent to Committee ---3rd Reading: Votes Yes

2.House of Lords Votes

---If Commons & Lords both pass the same version then… 3.The Queen Automatically Signs the bill 4.Bill becomes a law.

Civil Courts

Handles cases about:

---Debts ---Contracts ---Divorces ---Wills ---Properties

Two-Party

Currently the UK is basically a two-party system.

---Labour Party ---Conservatives

If no single Party can win a majority, a coalition can be formed to

take the majority.

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USA Government & Political Parties The US Government

Legislative Branch (Congress)

---The House of Representatives ---The Senate

The Executive Branch

The President

Judicial Branch

Congress

How many members are there in the House of Representatives? 435

How many members are there in the Senate? 100

Functions of Congress

Taxes Control Trade Make Money Post Offices & Roads

Army & Military (although President is Commander in Chief) Declare War

A bill is proposed in the House of Representatives -or- the Senate. Both House and Senate Vote “Yes” on the same version of the bill.

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The President has the option of signing or vetoing the bill. If the President signs the bill, it becomes a law.

If the President vetoes a bill, Congress may pass it again. If it passes by a 2/3 majority, it becomes a law.

President

How often is the American President elected? Elected every 4 years in a nation-wide election How is the American President Elected?

The Electoral College System, not popular vote!

Presidential Elections

Every 4 years.

President and Vice-President run as a pair (you have to vote for both together).

Uses the Electoral College System.

---# of Congressmen = # of Electors in each state ---Minimum of 3 Electors per State. ---District of Columbia also gets 3.

---48 States give all of the Electors to the majority

---2 States allow Electors to be split according to vote (Maine & Nebraska).

Two-Party

Currently the USA is basically a two-party system.

---Republican Party ---Democratic Party

Gordon Brown （UK）

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Barack Obama: Democrat (USA)