备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：倒装句

备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：倒装句

2010-2011第二学期高二年英语

语法：倒装句(Inversion)

2011.6.14

英语的倒装有两大类型：全倒装和部分倒装。

一、全倒装

全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1、here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。

例如：Then came the chairman. 那时主席来了。

Here comes the bus.车来了。

Here is your letter. (这里是)你的信

Then came a noise like thunder.

Now comes the bus.

Here is a letter for you.

There goes the last train.

2、最典型的There be 句型。there be 结构实际上就是一种全部倒装的语序。 E.g. 表 系 主语

There is/ are… There was/were… There will be … There must be … There may/might be… There seem(s) /seemed to be

There used to be … There happen(s )/happened to be…

3.表示运动方向的副词，介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语away, in, under out, down, up, off, back置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：

Out rushed the little boy with an apple in his hand.

小男孩跑了出来，手里拿着一个苹果。

又如：Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面窜出一枚导弹。

Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

In the corner of the room stands a writing table.

South of the city lies a big factory.

Under the bed lies a cat.

In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.

注意：以上两种全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动

备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：倒装句

词，如lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, rise, walk, run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。

例如下列句子，不能倒装：

Here you are.给你。 Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 Here it rains a lot every month of the year.

Then she went to the shop. Here we are! Off you go!

4. 主语太长，表语（形容词, 现在分词, 过去分词)提前，构成全倒装。

1). Present at the meeting were some young people calling themselves pioneers of modern art.

2). Participating in the Olimpic Games were 6,000 athletes from 150 countries.

5．代词such作表语，意“这样的人//物”，应置于句首，其后全倒装。 Such were the facts.

Such would be our home in the future.

二、部分倒装/半倒装

部分倒装也叫半倒装，是指将谓语的一部分，如be动词、助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。

e.g. Has he finished his work?

It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?

2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语时，特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。 e.g. When did you go there?

3．句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never (before), seldom, little, hardly, scarcely , barely , not once , under on condition ，at no time, in no way,not until…等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。

例如：我从来没看过这样的表演。

无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。

当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装（从句不倒装）。

母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。

备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：倒装句

直到十岁他才上学。

注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题：

1）Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know

看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

3）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize

4.以否定词开头的一些结构作部分倒装

1）Not only…but also…连接两个分句，Not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。

but also we should pay attention to politics.

他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。

2)Hardly/Scarcely…when…, No sooner… than…，意思为；“一…….就……”，若hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句中(第一个省略号处)要求部分倒装用had sb done；而第二个省略号处用did。

她刚出门，就有个学生来

备战2010高考英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习：倒装句

访。 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。

Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.

No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded by the workers.

典型例题：No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began B. has the game begun

C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but （also）, no sooner…than, hardly… when，scarcely… when 等等。 注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。

5. so, neither, nor作部分倒装

so表“也”、“同样”意，neither/ nor表“也不”、“同样不”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：

You can swim, so can I.

If you go, so will I.

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