阅读理解-词义猜测

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猜测词义

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What’s this?

A hot dog.

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Can you guess the meaning of “hot dog” in this Sentence? John is often called a hot dog because he is always trying to impress others in speech or action and show others how great he is. 爱炫耀的人

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词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The underlined word “…” refers to /means_____. 2.The underlined word”---” could best be replaced by _______. 3.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 4. By saying “---”,the author probably means5. What does the underlined word “---” mean?

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1. Definition 定义法

猜 测 词 义

2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识

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1.Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 从句 或同位语(从句)来确定词义。 常用的词：(that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to ,in other words) It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. (adj. 易碎的, 脆的) The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. n. 牧羊人

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Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.(v. 不同意)

She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

A on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly A.

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2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词 (组)猜测词义。 表示对比的词有but、while、however、 otherwise、even though/if, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, unlike 等。

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3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 (or, like , similarly 等)Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. (adj. 巨大的;极大的)

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4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。 (because, so, therefore, so that, for ,So/ such –that等)One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)

That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj. 大的)

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5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.(n. 电器用具)

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6. Word Formation 构词法：im-(不) un-(不，非) in-(不，非) non-(不，非)-less(不，无) super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-(极微小的) re- (再，反复) mis-(误，恶) -able(能…的 )-wards (向) Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.

micro+bus 微型公共汽车

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7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的 提示来猜测词义。1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking fo

r a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A.see clearly D.hearB B. understand C. expect

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8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和 生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据 自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识 将其推测出来。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂(药)

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练习1Guess the correct meaning of the following words. 1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 C 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever B

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3. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. B 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 4. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. C A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱