现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

Chapter 3(构词法)

3.1 General Remark 概述 3.2 Compounding 复合构词法 3.3 Derivation 派生构词法 3.3.1 Prefixation 加前缀 3.3.2 Suffixation 加后缀 3.4 Conversion 词类转换法

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

The differences between “root”, “stem” and “base”?

Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

undesirables = un + desire + able + s

Base:

desirable → desire (base) undesirable → desirable (base) undesirables → undesirable (base)

Base/词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

2) denationalized denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d Root: nation Stem: denationalize Base: national → nation nationalize → national denationalize → nationalize denationalized → denationalize

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

desirable: desire (root or base, not stem) undesirable: desirable (base, not root, not stem) undesirables: undesirable (stem or base, not root) desired: desire (root, stem or base)

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

3.2 Compounding 复合构词法Questions: 1. What is compounding? 2. What are the relative criteria of a compound? 3. The classification of compounding?

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

What is compounding?

Compounding / composition: a wordformation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit. e.g. flowerpot= flower + pot machine-independent = machine + independent back

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

The relative criteria of a compound1. Orthographic criterion: Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid, hyphenated and open. E.g. flowerpot Solid: flowerpot Hyphenated: flower-pot Open: flower pot

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

2. Phonological criterion: Compound accent: a main stress on the first element and secondary stress on the second element. Normal phrase accent: a secondary stress on the first element and the main stress on the second element.E.g. black list blackboard blue bottle

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

3. Semantic criterion: Semantically, compounds can be said to have a meaning which may be related to but cannot always be inferred from the meaning of its component parts.E.g.

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

E.g. flowerpot workday backyardNote: we can infer the meaning from the meaning of its component parts

red tape (官样文章，烦琐拖沓的公事程 序) dog days (the hottest day of the year) flatfoot (a policeman) blue blood (the quality of being a nobleman by birth) blue ribbon (an honor given to the winner of the first prize) Note: we cannot infer the meaning from the meaning of its component parts back

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

The classification of compounding?Compounds are classified b. Syntactic relation subject and verb 主谓关系 according to parts of verb and adverbial 动宾关 speech of the 系 compounds and verb and adverbial 谓状关 subpided by the 系 syntactic

relation of the compounding element. restrictive relation 限制关 系 a. Parts of speech coordinating relationship 1. n. compounds 并列关系 …… 2. adj. compounds 3. v. compounds

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

thunder-struck (houses) houses are struck by thunder / thunder struck the houses well-behaved (person) The person behave himself well. peace loving people people love peace an ocean-going (ship) A ship go across ocean.

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _____ house work as carrying water and firewood. A. time-consumed B. timely-consumed C. time-consuming D. timely-consuming

答案：C

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

风蚀岩石 weather-beaten rocks 日晒的健康肤色 suntanned (skin) 吹毛求疵的人 a fault-finding person 破纪录的速度 a record-breaking speed 免税的 tax-free 无忧无虑的 care-free 防火的 fire-proof 隔音的 sound-proof 滴水不漏的 water-tight 密封的，不漏气的 air-tight

没膝深的 knee-deep 齐肩高的 shoulder-high 终身的 lifelong 晶莹剔透的 Crycle-clear 苦乐参半的 bittersweet 谈论的话题 talked-about topic 杜撰的故事 made-up story 24小时看守 round-the-clock watch 作现场勘查 make an on the sop inspection

现代英语词汇学概论--构词法

3.3 Derivation 派生构词法Questions: 1. What is derivation? 2. What is combining form? And what difference between a combining form and an affix? 3. The classification of derivation.back