四级__现在完成时考点分析_教师版

1．考点分析。 ①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。

②下列句型中常用现在完成时

It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句

This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时

This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时

This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时

③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。

4、在用already, ever, never, yet, just, recently, now, in the past 3 years, since last month, ever since, so far, up to now, this year, for a long time等作状语时，常用现在完成时。

More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated

题干中含有时间状语this year，同时又与去年比较，所以应该用一般现在或现在完成时；又因patients是treat的行为对象，所以答案是D。

5、被 the first time, several times, again and again 等表示次数或重复的状语修饰，所说的又是现在的事情时，用现在完成时（尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间）

— The window is dirty. — I know. It ____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

分析：句子中有表时间长度的状语for weeks，又是谈的现在的事，所以答案是D。同时由于主语it（指the window）是动作的对象，所以应该用被动语态。

— Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I ____ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

分析：B是正确答案，现在完成时强调次数。

5．It’s [will be] the first time that…(．第一次…)。如：It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。 Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。

6、与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也发生在过去。但有两点与一般过去时不同，首先是其行为发生时间的不具体性（一般过去时往往与明确的过去时间状语连用），其次是现在完成时强调与现在情况的关系（一般过去时与现在没联系）

The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 分析：该题正确答案是C。干扰项主要是 A。物价的涨跌历来为老百姓所关注，怎么能用―与现在情况没联系‖的一般过去时呢？该题的语境限制作用非常突出。

7、与一般现在时的区别：一般现在时表示的是经常性、习惯性行为；现在完成时表述的是发生在过去但对现在仍有影响的一件具体事情。

The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since.：

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

分析：句子中有时间状语ever since，所以答案应该是C。这里的干扰项是A和B。一般现在时表经常性的行为或状态，不能与ever since等段时间状语连用。

— ____ the sports meet might be put off. — Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told

分析：答案为A。排除语态因素，干扰性最大的是C，但这是一件具体的一次性行为，故C错。

8、先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句常用现在完成时 The is the most moving story that I’ve heard about.

9． 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。

The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；―窗户很脏了。‖―我知道。好几周没有擦了。‖ 注：由终止性或短暂时间动作动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.

10．考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。

—Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put

11. up to [until] now(到现在为止)。如：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。

12. in [for, during] the past [last] … years(在过去…年中)。如：In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。

2．命题特点

1. 根据特定语境和时态标志考查现在完成时的影响性用法

(1)— ______ you ______ him around the museum yet? — Yes. We had a great time there.

A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

【解析】A。根据问句中的yet可知，所谈论的事情发生在最近的过去，且问话者很关心这个过去发生的事情对现在的影响和结果，所以用现在完成时。注意：不要受答语中过去式谓语had的影响而误选C。

(2)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet.

A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided