直接引语与间接引语的用法

直接引语与间接引语的用法

疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间，地点，方式，原因等，常见的有：when, where, how, why等 疑问代词

1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：

指 人： who, whom, whose

指 物： what

既可指人又可指物： which

2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较：

疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的？

直接引语与间接引语:

直接引语和间接引语在句中都作宾语。一字不漏地引述别人的话叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语变为间接引语应注意以下问题:

（1）间接引语的引述动词,除了常见的say，tell外,还有ask，add，admit，announce，argue，explain，insist，promise，repeat，reply，suggest，warn等表示说话的动词。这些动词后的宾语从句常用从属连词that引导,这种连词有时可以省略。但当引导词为who，what，which，when，where，how，why等词时，这些疑问代词和疑问副词便不能省略。引述动词大多数可以不变,但有的必须变化,如:“What’s this? ”cried Dr. Sun.→Dr.Sun asked in surprise what that was。

时态变化的情况

如果主句为过去的某种时态，则间接引语的时态应相应向前推一个时态，如下表所示：

e.g.Tina said,“I usually get up at six.”→

Tim said she usually got up at six.

直接引语与间接引语的用法

蒂娜说她通常六点起床。(一般现在时变为一般过去时)

Martin told me,“I rang Alice yesterday.”→

Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.

马丁告诉我说他昨天已经给艾丽斯打电话了。(一般过去时变为过去完成时)

Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.”

Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.

尼娜告诉我丽莎正在国外学习。(现在进行时变为过去进行时)

Hayley said to me,“I will see you at the same place tomorrow.”→

Hayley said to me that she would see me at the same place the next day.

海莉对我讲她第二天要在同一地点见我。(一般将来时变为过去将来时)

Nell said,“I have worked out this problem.”→

Nell said that she had worked out that problem.

内尔说她已经做出了那道题目。(现在完成时改为过去完成时)

Bob told me,“I had worked here for years before I moved out.”→

Bob told me that he had worked there for years before he moved out.

鲍勃告诉我说他在那儿工作了多年才搬走。(过去完成时不变)

（2）时态不需要变化的几种情况

一般说来当直接引语转为间接引语，被转述的话依然有效或在当时、当地转述时，常常不改变时态。具体有以下几种情况。

①直接引语有确定的过去时间时。

e.g.Chloe said,“The story took place in the 1930s.”→

Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s.

克劳说这个故事发生在二十世纪三十年代。

②只着眼于转述事实，而不侧重动作先于转述动作的时间时。

直接引语与间接引语的用法

e.g.The boy said,“I found the dog just at the edge of the wood.”→

The boy said that he found the dog just at the edge of the wood.

男孩说他在森林边上发现了那条狗。

③所转述的动作或状态说话时仍在继续，并对此点加以强调时。

e.g.The reporter said,“The war is now still on.”→

The reporter said that the war is now still on.

记者说战争依然在继续。

Charlie told me,“I am just helping my dad on the farm right now.”→

Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now.

查理告诉我说他现在正在农场帮他父亲干活。

④所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等，并对此加以强调时。

e.g.Our English teacher said,“All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.”→

Our English teacher told US that all work no play makes Jack a dull boy.

我们的英语老师告诉我们只顾学习不休息，聪明的孩子也变傻。

3．指示代词的变化

直接引语中的this在变为间接引语时应改为that，these改为those。

e.g.Toby said to me,“This is the School Computer Center.”→

Toby said to me that was the School Computer Center.(this变为that)

托比告诉我说那就是学校计算机中心。

Kerry told me,“These photos were taken ten years ago.”→

Kerry told me that those photos had been taken ten years before.(these变为those) 克里告诉我说那些照片是十年前拍的。

注意：

在说话者的当时、当地转述时，this，that不用改变。

直接引语与间接引语的用法

—Nora said,“I’ll take this book.”

—What did Nora say just now?

—She said she will take this book.

4．时间状语的变化

e.g.Nell said,“I’m now visiting China.”→

Nell said that she was then visiting China.

内尔说她当时正访问中国。(now变为then)

Rebecca asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”→

Rebecca asked me whether I had got anything on that evening.

丽贝卡问我那天晚上是否有事。(this evening变为that evening)

Joanna said,“Professor Black is going to give a lecture on SARS next week.”→

Joanna said that Professor Black was going to give a lecture on SARS the next week.

乔安娜说布莱克教授第二周要做一场有关非典的讲座。(next week变为the next week)

直接引语与间接引语的用法

特别提示

在说话者的当时、当地转述时，所说的话在转述时还起作用，时间状语不变。 e.g.—Jimmy, we’ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.

吉米，明天我们到夏威夷去旅行。

—What did Daddy say just now, Mummy?

妈妈，爸爸说什么？

—He said we’ll take a trip to Hawaii tomorrow.

他说明天我们去夏威夷旅行。

5．地点状语的变化

常见的地点状语变化是把here，变为there。另外over here应变为over there。 e.g.The boy said,“This is the first time I have been here.”→

The boy said that that was the first time he had been there.

这个男孩说那是他第一次到那个地方。(here变为there)

Roman told me,“I just put all the things over here.”→

Roman told me that he had just put all the things over there.

罗曼告诉我他刚才把所有的东西都放在那边了。(over here变为over there)

特别提示

在说话者的当时、当地转述时，here，over here不用改变。

e.g.—Will …… 此处隐藏：9292字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……