Unit 11-3 语法 主谓一致

“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、 数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人 称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也 用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数， 谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。

意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1. 由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…) (比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那 位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every … and (every)…, each …and (each… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book.

4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作 主语。 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念 时。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。

(二)谓语动词为复数的情况 1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child.

3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主 语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语。

(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员 用复数。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers.

2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works is near the station.

Two new steel works are

3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名词” 作主语，以这些 名词本身的单复数而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其 指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots

/ plenty / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语: 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。

就近一致原则由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等 连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单 复数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 但注意： “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面 的名词在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.

集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?1.His family _______ a small one. 2.His family _______ fat and short. A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are

D.are,is

此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和 复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有： team(队，队员),class(班，班上的全体学生),crowd(人群), government(政府),crew(乘务人员),committee(委员会，委员们), audience(听众)等： This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it. 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。 The team is the best in the league.这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths.足球队队员们在洗澡。

但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：

1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):clothing 衣服，poetry 诗 歌，baggage/luggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械， scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。2. People,police警察，cattle牲口等,谓语总用复数。

It was late, but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。

谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?We Chinese ____ a hard-working people. A.is B.are C.is being D.are being此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即 谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一 致),本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。

注意以下类似例子： These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. The planets were the object of his study. The most important thing I need is books. The country's leading export is watches. The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies.

但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用 单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复 数),例如： Who is your brother?谁是你的兄弟？ Who are your brothers?哪些是你的兄弟？

What he said is

quite correct.他所说的完全正确。What he left me are only a few old books.他给我留下的只是几本 旧书。

并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 ？ 1. You or he _______ to blame.你或他有一人要受责备。 2. _______ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？ A.is,Is B.are,Are C.is,Are D. are,Is

在 通 常 情 况 下 ， 两 个 并 列 主 语 由 or,either…or, neither…nor,not…but,not only…but(also)等连接时， 其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致， 但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主 语)保持一致。

下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？ A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered

用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数， 但是若主语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与 前面一个主语保持一致。

1.Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday. A.was B.were C.has been D.have been 2.A woman with some children ____ soon. A. …… 此处隐藏：4406字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……