【毕业论文实例】-基于单片机的火灾报警系统

黑龙江省八一农垦大学

毕业设计（论文）

题目： 基于单片机的火灾报警系统

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指导教师 职称

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内容摘要

为了提高对传感器的认识和了解，尤其是对烟雾传感器的深入研究以及其用法与用途，基于实用、广泛和典型的原则而设计了本系统。本文利用单片机结合传感器技术而开发设计了这一烟雾监控系统。 本论文以电阻式烟雾传感器和单片机技术为核心并与其他电子技术相结合， 设计出一种技术水平较好的烟雾报警器。其中选用MQ-2型半导体可燃气体敏感元件烟雾传感器实现烟雾的检测，具有灵敏度高、响应快、抗干扰能力强等优点，而且价格低廉，使用寿命长。选用的STC12C5410AD单片机，其整合了A/D转换、硬件乘法器、硬件脉宽调制器等资源，具 有高速、低功耗、超强抗干扰等优点，是目前同类技术中性价比较高的产品。

以STC12C5410AD单片机和MQ-2型半导体电阻式烟雾传感器为核心设计的烟雾报警器可实现声光报警、故障自诊断、浓度显示、报警限设置、延时报警及与上位机串口通信等功能。是一种结构简单、性能 稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾报警器。具有一定的实用价值。

关 键 词：烟雾，报警器，STC12C5410，传感器

Abstract

In order to enhance to the sensor understanding and the understanding, in particular to the smog sensor thorough research as well as its usage and the use, based on practical, widespread and the model principle has designed this system.This article used the monolithic integrated circuit union sensor technology to develop has designed this smog supervisory system.。

The present paper take leaves the minor smog sensor and the monolithic integrated circuit technology unifies as the core and with other electronic technology, designs one kind of technical level good smog alarm apparatus.In which selects the 2M007 semiconductor resistance type smog sensor realization smog the examination, has the sensitivity high, responds, the antijamming ability quickly strong and so on the merits, moreover the price is inexpensive, the service life is long.Selects the STC12C5410AD monolithic integrated circuit, its conformity A/D transformed, the hardware multiplier, resources and so on hardware PDM keyer, has high speed, low merits and so on power loss, ultra strong antijamming, is the present similar technology neutral price quite high product.

May realize the acousto-optics take the STC12C5410AD monolithic integrated circuit and the 2M007 semiconductor resistance type gas sensor as the core design smog alarm apparatus to report to the police, the breakdown from the diagnosis, the density demonstrated, reports to the police limits the establishment, the time delay reports to the police and with functions and so in position machine serial port correspondence.Is one kind of structure simple, the performance stable, the easy to operate, the price inexpensive, the intellectualized smog alarm apparatus.Has certain practical value.

Key word: Smog, alarm apparatus, STC12C5410, sensor

目 录

内容摘要 ................................................. 2

Abstract ................................................. 3

1．前言 .................................................. 5

1.1发展趋势 ............................................................................................................................ 5

1.2现状及特点 ........................................................................................................................ 6

2．烟雾检测报警器的方案设计 .............................. 6

2.1烟雾检测报警器设计思路 ................................................................................................ 6

2.2烟雾传感器的选型 ............................................................................................................ 7

2.3烟雾检测报警器整体设计方案 ........................................................................................ 8

2.4烟雾检测报警器的结构 .................................................................................................... 9

2.5烟雾检测报警器的功能 .................................................................................................. 10

3 烟雾检测报警器的硬件设计 .............................. 11

3.1声音报警电路 .................................................................................................................. 11

3.2数码管显示电路 .............................................................................................................. 12

4 烟雾检测报警器的软件设计 .............................. 14

4.1主程序设计及流程图 ...................................................................................................... 14

4.2 主程序初始化流程图 ..................................................................................................... 16

4.3 报警子程序设计及流程图 ............................................................................................. 17

结 束 语 ................................................ 18

【参考文献】 ............................................ 19

附录：程序清单 .......................................... 20

1．前言

火灾自动报警系统，一般由火灾探测器、区域报警器和集中报警器组成；也可以根据工程的要求同各种灭火设施和通讯装置联动，以形成中心控制系统。即由自动报警、自动灭火、安全疏散诱导、系统过程显示、消防档案管理等组成一个完整的消防控制系统。 火灾探测器是探测火灾的仪器，由于在火灾发生的阶段，将伴随产生烟雾、高温格火光。这些烟、热和光可以通过探测器转变为电信号报警或使自动灭火系统启动，及时扑灭火灾。 区域报警器能将所在楼层之探测器发出的信号转换为声光报警，并在屏幕上显示出火灾的房间号；同时还能监视若干楼层的集中报警器（如果监视整个大楼的则设于消防控制中心）输出信号或控制自动灭火系统。 集中报警是将接收到的信号以声光方式显示出来，其屏幕上也具体显示出着火的楼层和房间号，机上停走的时钟记录下首次报警时间性，利用本机专用电话，还可迅速发出指示和向消防队报警 …… 此处隐藏：4044字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……