新视角研究生英语读说写课文翻译以及课后习题答案(4)

四、What Is Happiness? 使心智不健全的人也不会完全相信这些诗境或是这些药典和矫正术。

1、The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth 然后有人显然正在竭力购买这些广告所兜的美梦，并为此每年耗资数cetificates, but no one seems quite which way it ran. It may be we are 十亿美元。这种幸福市场无疑不会无人问津，但他们购买的究竟是什issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to 么呢？

being welldeceived.‖ The felicty of being ―a fool among knaves.‖ For 7、The idea ―happiness,‖ to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition: Swift say society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then 国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and 正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。乔纳森?斯威福特似competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme. To think of it as the 乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual 中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。 extreme. The holy man‘s idea of happiness is in needing nothing from 2、It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. Or nearly free of it. If happiness. We shall all have made it to heaven when we possess enough.devout admirers bring him food he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. 当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，Why beconcerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation 然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，is his joy and he achieves it through afantastically demanding discipline, 我们百年后就能上天堂。 the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.诚然，给“幸福”3、And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are 这一概念下定义远非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一些极限，然hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one 后将两者折中。将幸福视为物质上的拥有和相互攀比，这就确立了其of our major industries, and advertising is one of our major industries, 物质上的极限。将其视为一个人（比如印度的圣人）所感知的信念，and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them-and to 则是确立了其精神上的极限。圣人的幸福是无需身外之物。无欲则无create them faster than any man‘s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, 求。他静坐不动，陷入冥思，甚至脱离或者说近乎脱离自己的肉体。our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught 如果有虔诚的信徒带来食物，他硬听； 如果没有，他便淡然地饿着。that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even 有什么好牵挂的呢？对他而言，物质世界只是虚幻。宴想是他的极乐，told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single 而他通过修行来实现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read 身就是他内心的一种极乐。

―You Auto Buy Now.‖ There were calling upon Americans, as an act 8、Is he a happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have. illusion.But who can take it from him? And who will dare say it is more Automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required illusory than happiness on the installment plan?他幸福吗？或许他的幸to grow tired of by the time the next year‘s models were released.同时，福只是另一种虚幻。但谁又能将幸福从他身边夺走呢？又有谁敢说这美国的商业主义却又殚精竟虑故意使我们得不到幸福。广告是我们的种幸福比分期付款计划中得到的幸福更缥缈呢？ 支柱产业之一，其存在不是为了满足欲望。而是为了制造欲望——其9、But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness,as

I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his inherent right,we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these pursuit of happiness market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the extremes will still serve to frame the area within all of us and must find pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and some sort of balance. Thoreau-a creature of both Eastern and Western life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not thought-had his own firm sense of that balance.His aim was to save on measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants the low levels in order to spend on the high.然而，或许因为我是西方人，to become.从来就没有过完美的幸福。人类社会不存在尽善尽美。无我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦论人们怎样界定何谓幸福，它既不在于拥有也不在于实现，而在于追幻一样。可以确信，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是求的过程。我们应该牢记：开国元勋们为我们所宣布的与生俱来的权一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，利，不是享受幸福而是追求幸福。假如他们当初预见到现在出现的幸在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的福市场，他们就会强调指出这样一个基本事实：幸福在于为之奋斗的人物，对这种平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，过程，在于我们终生为之努力并从中获得启迪的事业，也就是说在于在高层次上付出。 追求。对于一个民族的评价不是看它拥有什么或是幸福拥有什么，而10、Posssession for its own sake or in competiton with the rest of the 是看它想要追求什么。

neighborhood would have been Thoureau‘s idea of the low levels. The 15、By all means let the happiness-market sell us minor satisfactions and active discipline of heightening one‘s perception of what is enduring in even minor follies so long as we keep them in scale and buy them out of nature w …… 此处隐藏：8436字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……