研究生科技英语阅读答案(4)

According to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative, in 1998, about 1 in 5 children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and rashes. The incidence of peanut allergy in the U.S. tripled between 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare in Africa and rural Asia, as are Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.

9. Does the premise that exposure to some dirt does good to human health mean that there is no danger at all in the muddy water and animal feces?

As a matter of fact, there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal feces. Nearly 70% of the 8.8 million deaths of children under age 5 worldwide in 2008 were caused by infectious diseases, most frequently pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria,

according to an analysis in the Lancet last week.

10. Is that OK for kids to play in the dirt? Do we need to live in total sanitation?

There's nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They don't have to live in total sanitation, and they won't die from eating something off the floor. It's probably more healthy than not.

II. Vocabulary

1. enchant 2. upscale 3. evoke 4. intriguing 5. preoccupation 6. trade… for 7. eradicating 8. virtually 9. stimulating 10. lurk

11. stunted 12. harness 13. teem with 14. vigilance 15. suspended

III. Translation 1.

(1) standards of hygiene卫生状况

upscale urban infants生活在高消费城市的婴儿 makes no mention of没有提到

evoke an intriguing medical controversy激起了一场医疗争议 anti-microbial products抗菌产品

traded one problem for another problem将一种问题转化为另外一种问题 build up resistance to disease 增强对疾病的抵抗力 prime a child's immune system帮助婴儿建立免疫系统 decontaminated water纯净水

(2) 说起母乳喂养，有好消息也有坏消息。好消息是的是美国75%的母亲都开始用母乳喂哺孩子，不好的消息是只有不到四分之一的妈妈坚持全年的母乳喂养。而这只是美国儿科学会建议的母乳哺育婴儿的最低标准。 来自美国疾病控制和预防中心的研究人员发现，只有43%的美国母亲会坚持护理六个月，尽管美国儿科学会提醒在此期间婴儿还需要母乳哺育。（情况还是这样，尽管超级名模吉赛尔邦辰在上周大肆吹嘘支持国际法规定母亲至少要哺乳孩子六个月）

一年下来，还有22% 的妇女仍在坚持母乳喂哺。

疾病防控中心营养搭配，身体活动与肥胖科主任威廉迪茨说，―我们需要采取更多地措施来保障母亲们在医院，工作场所以及社会中能得到应有的支持，支持母亲们在婴儿出生后的最初几天里可以继续用母乳喂养，从而她们就可以完成那六个月和十二个月的哺育指标了。‖

大量的研究已经把母乳哺育同它母亲和婴儿的诸多益处联系了起来。母乳喂养的孩子不容易得肥胖症耳部感染或糖尿病，而用母乳哺育孩子的妈妈得乳腺癌和子房癌的风险也会降低。由于母乳喂养的婴儿更健康，母乳喂养率的显著提高一年可以减少40亿美元的医疗保健支出。 2.

(1) 免疫性疾病allergic diseases

暴露于刺激免疫系统的细菌Exposure to immune-stimulating germs