GWD - CR - 大全 附解释

GWD_CR_大全

GWD6-Q32:

Proposal: Carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere block the escape of heat into space. So emission of these

―greenhouse‖ gases contributes to global warming. In order to reduce global warming, emission of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced. Therefore, the methane now emitted from open landfills should instead be burned to produce electricity. Objection: The burning of methane generates carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. Which of the following, if true, most adequately counters the objection made to the proposal?

A. Every time a human being or other mammal exhales, there is some carbon dioxide released into the air. B. The conversion of methane to electricity would occur at a considerable distance from the landfills.

C. The methane that is used to generate electricity would generally be used as a substitute for a fuel that does not

produce any greenhouse gases when burned. D. Methane in the atmosphere is more effective in blocking the escape of heat from the Earth than is carbon dioxide. E. The amount of methane emitted from the landfills could be reduced if the materials whose decomposition produces

methane were not discarded, but recycled.

建议者说燃烧甲烷可以减小温室效应；反对者说燃烧甲烷产生二氧化碳－>温室效应；题干问反对反对者； D说甲烷比二氧化碳产生的温室效应更厉害，也就是说燃烧还是能减少温室效应的。

E说如果将分解甲烷的原料循环使用，产生的甲烷会减少。这个明显不在原文的逻辑推理范围当中，和反对者的话没关系，是beyond scope。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GWD6-Q33:

Crowding on Mooreville‘s subway frequently leads to delays, because it is difficult for passengers to exit from the trains. Subway ridership is projected to increase by 20 percent over the next 10 years. The Metroville Transit Authority plans to increase the number of daily train trips by only 5 percent over the same period. Officials predict that this increase is sufficient to ensure that the incidence of delays due to crowding does not increase. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the officials‘ prediction?

A. By changing maintenance schedules, the Transit Authority can achieve the 5 percent increase in train trips without

purchasing any new subway cars. B. The Transit Authority also plans a 5 percent increase in the number of bus trips on routes that connect to subways. C. For most commuters who use the subway system, there is no practical alternative public transportation available. D. Most of the projected increase in ridership is expected to occur in off-peak hours when trains are now sparsely used. E. The 5 percent increase in the number of train trips can be achieved without an equal increase in Transit Authority

operational costs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GWD6-Q38:

Three large companies and seven small companies currently manufacture a product with potential military applications. If the government regulates the industry, it will institute a single set of manufacturing specifications to which all ten companies will have to adhere. In this case, therefore, since none of the seven small companies can afford to convert their production lines to a new set of manufacturing specifications, only the three large companies will be able to remain in business. Which of the following is an assumption on which the author‘s argument relies?

A. None of the three large companies will go out of business if the government does not regulate the manufacture of

the product. B. It would cost more to convert the production lines of the small companies to a new set of manufacturing

specifications than it would to convert the production lines of the large companies. C. Industry lobbyists will be unable to dissuade the government from regulating the industry.

D. Assembly of the product produced according to government manufacturing specifications would be more complex

than current assembly procedures.

E. None of the seven small companies currently manufactures the product to a set of specifications that would match

those the government would institute if the industry were to be regulated. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q40:

It is theoretically possible that bacteria developed on Mars early in its history and that some were carried to Earth by a meteorite. However, strains of bacteria from different planets would probably have substantial differences in protein

structure that would persist over time, and no two bacterial strains on Earth are different enough to have arisen on different planets. So, even if bacteria did arrive on Earth from Mars, they must have died out. The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?

A. It fails to establish whether bacteria actually developed on Mars.

B. It fails to establish how likely it is that Martian bacteria were transported to Earth.

C. It fails to consider whether there were means other than meteorites by which Martian bacteria could have been

carried to Earth. D. It fails to consider whether all bacteria now on Earth could have arisen from transported Martian bacteria. E. It fails to consider whether there could have been strains of bacteria that originated on Earth and later died out.

逻辑虽然很难判断哪些不重要，但是有些信息一定重要。Argument的结论是So, even if bacteria

did arrive on Earth from Mars, they must have died out。论据是，no two bacterial strains on Earth are different enough to have arisen on different planets。提出另外一种可能来削弱。

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