新编跨文化交际英语教程 参考答案(16)

Not exactly the same. The way you perceive yourself might be different from the way you present yourself to others. In other words, your self-image may not be the same as the image you portray to others. This discrepancy may result in serious problems in communication. For instance, other people may not understand you in the way you would like yourself to be understood.

5. Why is language said to be more than a vehicle of communication?

Language is not only a means of communication but also a carrier of culture. Language teaches one a culture?s lifestyle, ways of thinking, and different patterns of interacting.

6. Why is developing empathy important to intercultural communication?

With empathy we are able to see things from the point of view of others so that we can better know and adjust to the other people. Empathy can help us become sensitive to the values and customs of the people with whom we are interacting. This will prevent us from misunderstanding people of other cultures and greatly improve our communication with them.

7. Why do we have to be motivated to understand even those people who seem to be separated from us by either distance or culture?

Because we live in an interconnected world today, and we must therefore be motivated to understand everyone — regardless of how much we seem separated from them by either distance or culture.

8. How can we accurately read messages from people of other cultures?

We have to know how the frame of the reference of other cultures differs from our own, and this knowledge will assist us in accurately interpreting the words and actions of people of other cultures.

Case Study Case 37

Peter was brought up in a culture in which the demands of politeness and ?face? require either that one goes against one?s real wishes and accepts invitations that one would really prefer not to accept, or that one finds elaborate excuses (an ill child is a very useful one) to avoid commitment. However, in Moroccan culture, things are quite different. Peter seems to have gradually adapted very well to the new cultural environment in which he found himself. The lesson we can learn from this is that one should not judge the behavior of those of another culture by one?s own cultural standards and should learn to ―do as the Romans do when in Rome.

Case 38

This is just a case of the conflict between the first generation and the second generation of

Chinese immigrants in the United States. These two generations have grown up in totally different social environments in which their values are differently shaped and their views of the world differently formed. The daughter, born and brought up in America, has already been totally Americanized even though she has her eyes and skin of the same color as her parents. Living in American society, she finds it natural to identify herself with the mainstream American culture, in which parents and children (especially the grown up children) are supposed to treat each other as equals, while her mother, though having lived in America for many years, is still culturally more Chinese than American. Therefore, the mother, often with good intentions, is likely to misunderstand what her daughter says and does. To deal with conflicts of this kind, sincere exchange of opinion and willingness to learn from each other are among the best measures.

Case 39

Annie felt unhappy about Rosa?s cousin because she thought Rosa?s cousin had stayed with

them for too long and seemed to have depend on Rosa too much, which, in Annie?s eye, was actually an interference to Rosa? studies.

Rosa did not change after her cousin came. She was still the same good student as Annie

remembered. However, to her, family comes first, so she went out of her way to look after her cousin, even though that means she would be left with little time for herself and her classes. The

misunderstanding between Annie and Rosa comes from the difference in what they value. Annie seemed to value privacy, independence, personal needs and interests more than Rosa, to whom family relationships and obligation to family members meant very much.

In Mexican culture, family is the core of affiliation while in the mainstream American culture, individual responsibility is emphasized and self-reliance is preferred.

Case 40

In this case, American students were seen how they would behave in the culture in which they were communicating with the French students, applying what they had learned in classroom but were not yet quite accustomed to. They finally behaved in the culturally appropriate manners because they were pulled by the force of relationships, by real people in a real situation. This is the ultimate goal of learning about culture and communication, when learners move from the classroom out the door into the new way of life.

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明明是个护垫大小的考试量，却有着量多日用型的考试范围，需要学生夜用加长型地复习。但即使这样，还是会侧漏……

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