初中英语易混淆的词语辨析(4)

解释二：

take是动词，作\花费\讲，常指\花费时间\，通常用于下列句型：

\意为\某人花费多少时间做某事\，常用it作形式主语。如：

It takes me an hour to walk there. 我步行到那儿需要一小时。

spend为动词，意思是\花费\，多指\花费时间或金钱\。常用句型为\，指\在某方面花费时间或金钱\。如：

I'll spend twenty yuan on an English book. 我将花20元钱买一本英语书。 在某方面花费时间和精力也可用句型：spend...in doing...， in可以省略。如： I spent an hour (in) doing my homework.我花了一小时做作业。

pay为动词，意思是\给……报酬\、\付款\，pay for (sth)意思是\付钱，支付\。如： I paid 100 yuan for the bike.我花了一百元买了这辆自行车。 pay还有\赔偿\的意思。 如：

I'm afraid I'll have to pay for the lost books. 恐怕我得要赔偿丢失的书。 cost是动词，意思是\花费\，意义较为广泛，可指\花费时间、金钱、劳力、精力\等。如：

1) The work cost us much labour. 这项工作消耗我们很多劳力。 2) The book cost me five yuan. 这本书花去我5元钱。

earth, land, ground, field

earth为名词，意思是\地上\对应着sky)、\泥土\。前面用the，即the earth 指地球。如：

They felt the earth shaking beneath their feet. 他们感到脚下的地面在颤动。 当其为不可数名词时意为\泥土\。

We'll fill the hole with earth. 我们将用泥土填上这个洞。

land为名词，意思是\陆地，土地\。表示\土地\的意思时，指可以耕种的田地或可以建筑的土地等，与field相同。表示\陆地\的意思时，与\水泽\和\海洋\相对。在诗歌中，land也可指\国家\或\地区\。如：

They are working in the land (field). 他们正在田地里干活。 Which is the biggest animal on land? 哪个是陆地上最大的动物？ Are you going by land or by sea? 你走陆路还是海路？

The news quickly spread throughout the land. 消息很快传遍了全国。 ground为名词，意思是\地面、土地\，指陆地的表面用the ground 。如：

My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 我在公园散步时，钱包掉在了地上。

field为名词，意为\田地、田野\，指可供种植、耕种农作物的田地。如：

The children are working in a wheat field. 孩子们正在麦田里干活。

a / an That's right. / That's all right. / All right. it's, its(2007-07-30 15:00:39)

I. a / an

II. That's right. / That's all right. / All right.

III. it's, its

【训练馆】

I. 用a或an填空。

1. It's______apple, not______cake. 2. This is______pear. That's______orange.

3. Miss Gao is______English teacher. Mr Wang is______Chinese teacher. 4. This is______bike. It's______old bike.

II. 用That's right., That's all right.或All right.填空。 1. —Excuse me. Are you Li Ping? —No, I'm Li Lin. —Sorry. —______

2. —What number is Zhang Hong? —I think he's Number 5. —Yes. ______ 3. —Thanks a lot. —______

4. —Let's go to school. —______ Let's go. III. 用it's和its填空。 1. —What's this in English? —______a cup.

2. ______a dog. ______name is Bobo. 3. —Where's my pen?

—______here. 参考答案：

I. 1. an, a 2. a, an 3. an, a 4. a, an II. 1. That's all right. 2. That's right. 3. That's all right. 4. All right.

III. 1. It's 2. It's, Its 3. It's

8. 特殊词精讲 8.1 stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking.. 我必须戒烟了。 典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择\停下来去做另一件事\。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。

8.2 forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作) Don‘t forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.

而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 8.3 remember doing/to do