试析礼貌原则指导下的商务信函写作

目 录

摘要 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 1 引言 .................................................................................................................................................. 2 1. 礼貌原则..................................................................................................................................... 2 2. 商务信函的礼貌表现 ................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 拒绝类商务信函 ................................................................................................................ 3

2.1.1 使用让步从句 ......................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 使用被动语态 ......................................................................................................... 4 2.1.3 使用委婉语 ............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 非拒绝类商务信函 ............................................................................................................ 5

2.2.1 正确使用词和句 ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1.1 使用情态动词could、should、would、might等 ............................... 5 2.2.1.2 恰当使用you-attitude .......................................................................... 5 2.2.1.3 使用please、thank you、we have pleased等 ................................. 6 2.2.2 使用条件句 ............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.3 展示人情味 ............................................................................................................. 7 2.2.4 适当赞扬别人 ......................................................................................................... 7 2.2.5 诚恳道歉 ................................................................................................................. 7

结论 .................................................................................................................................................. 8 参考文献 .......................................................................................................................................... 9

摘要自世界村这个概念出现以来，英文商务信函在商业事务中占据了相当重要和不可或缺

的地位。商务信函作为商务组织沟通联系客户的重要手段，其信函中的语言表达会大大作用于沟通双方对彼此的印象。作为一种重要的书面沟通形式，商务信函中语言运用是否恰当，对沟通的成功与否起到了关键作用。沟通双方在与对方合作的同时，都力图赢得最大利益，因此，在信函沟通中使用有效的语言策略是必要的。其中，礼貌原则策略在商务信函写作中应用极为广泛，也是一种行之有效的方法。礼貌语言策略能增加沟通双方的信任度，提高书信沟通的自觉性，增加信函沟通的成功机会。本文试从礼貌原则理论出发，着重分析如何在拒绝类信函和非拒绝类商务信函中更好的运用礼貌原则中的策略。 关键词：礼貌原则 商务信函 拒绝类商务信函 非拒绝类商务信函。

Abstract：Business correspondence has been an important and indispensable tool for us to

exchange information in the business affairs since global village has been existed. Business correspondence is the principal means used by a business organization to keep in touch with its customers. It is essentially a kind of writing communication activity. Whether it will succeed or not depends largely on the use of langrage. The parties involved will endeavor to win the most benefits while maintaining cooperation with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate language strategies for the parties involved. Politeness strategy is the most commonly used one that contributes to the successful business correspondence writing. Politeness strategy can enhance the mutual trust and understanding in the communication. This paper attempts to adopt the Politeness Principle to analyze how to use politeness strategies in a better way in rejection and non-rejection business correspondence.

Key words：Politeness principle business correspondence rejection business correspondence non-rejection business correspondence.

1

引言

随着经济全球化的进一步深入,国际贸易取得了长足的发展,商务信函作为企业间业务往来使用最为频繁的沟通工具,信函是否礼貌得体,对商务活动的成功与否起着举足轻重的作用，所以掌握英语语言的礼貌原则十分必要。礼貌原则是商务信函的基本要求，用礼貌的言语来传达，不仅能达到良好的交际效果，而且可以博得对方的好感，树立公司的良好形象，进而促成一笔好生意。由此可见，礼貌原则指导下的商务信函写作可以产生不同凡响

的作用。

1. 礼貌原则

礼貌是人们在相互交往中，通过语言、表情、行动、态度表示相互尊重和友好的言行规范。礼貌是人类文明的标志，是人类社会活动的一条重要准绳，同时也是人与人之间交往的润滑剂。1983年英国语言学家Geoffrey Leech提出了商务交际的礼貌原( Politeness Principle) ,并将其分为六大准则:

1. 策略准则( Tact Maxim)

Minimize cost to other ———使他人受损最小 Maximize benefit to other ———使他人受益最大 2. 慷慨准则( Generosity Maxim)

Minimize benefit to self ———使自己受益最小 Maximize cost to self ———使自己受损最大 3. 赞扬准则(Approbation Maxim)

Minimize dispraise of other ———尽量少贬损他人 Maximize praise of other ———尽量多赞誉他人 4. 谦虚准则(Modesty Maxim)

Minimize praise of self ———尽量少赞誉自己

Maximize dispraise of self ———尽力夸大对自身的贬损 5. 一致准则(Agreement Maxim)

Minimize disagreement between self and other ———尽量减少与他人的分歧

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