2022年中国政法大学外国语学院770英语语言文学综合一之语言学教

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目录

2019年中国政法大学外国语学院770英语语言文学综合一之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题

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第 2 页，共 48 页 2019年中国政法大学外国语学院770英语语言文学综合一之语言学教程考研强化五

套模拟题（一）

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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． Innateness hypothesis

【答案】 The “Innateness Hypothesis” of child language acquisition was proposed by Noam Chomsky , who states that language are somewhat innate and that children are bom with what he calls a language acquisition device , which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning.

2． Relational opposites

【答案】 This is a type of antonymy , in which the members of a pair do not constitute a positive-negative opposition. They show the reversal of a relationship between two entities. For example , “buy/sell” is such a pair. X buys something from Y means Y sells something from X.

3． figure-ground alignment

【答案】 Figure-ground alignment seems to apply to space with the ground as the prepositional object and the preposition expressing the spatial relational configuration. It also applies to human perception of moving objects. Since the moving object is typically the most prominent one , because it is moving , it is typically the figure , while the remaining stimuli constitute the ground.

4． Applied linguistics

【答案】 It is a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics in reality. For example , there are studies on multilingualism , language acquisition , first and second language teaching and learning.

5． Componential analysis

【答案】 It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components , or semantic features. For example , the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components : HUMAN , YOUNG and MALE.

6． MT

【答案】 It refers to machine translation , the use of machine （usually computers ） to translate texts from one natural language to another

7． Diglossia

【答案】 When two languages or language varieties exist together in a community and each one is used for different purposes , this is called diglossia. Usually , the more standard variety can be called the high variety or H-variety , which is used in government , the media , education , and for religious services. The other one is usually a non-prestige variety , the low variety or L-variety used in the family ,

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第 3 页，共 48 页 with friends , when shopping , etc.

8． Pidgins and Creoles

【答案】 A pidgin refers to a variety of a language that is not native language of anyone , but is learned on contact situations such as trading. When a pidgin develops beyond its role as a trade language and becomes the first language of a social community , it becomes a creole. The process by which a pidgin becomes a creole is called creolization.

9． Concordance

【答案】 The computer has the ability to search for a particular word , sequence of words , or perhaps even a part of speech in a text. The computer can also retrieve all examples of a particular word. It can also calculate the number of occurrences of a certain word so that information on the frequency of the word may be gathered. We may also be interested in sorting the data in some way —for example , alphabetically on words occurring in the immediate context of the word. This is usually referred to as concordance.

10．Contrastive analysis

【答案】 Contrastive analysis is an approach to analysis of second language acquisition , based on a belief that a more effective teaching pedagogy would come out when the similarities and differences between native language and target language are taken into consideration. By such an analysis , it is supposed that some leaning difficulties could be predicted in terms of language transfer.

二、Short-answer-questions

11．What are the four obvious barriers to adult L2 acquisition?

【答案】 A variety of explanations have been put forward for the apparent decline in adults :

Physical factors such as the loss of “plasticity” in the brain and “lateralization” of the brain ; social factors such as the different situations and relationships that children encounter compared to adults ; cognitive factors such as the interference with natural language learning by the adulfs more abstract mode of thinking ; and input factors that adults spend only a few hours each week of school time , rather than via the constant interact …… 此处隐藏：12736字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……