观赏植物与花卉试题

观赏植物与花卉试题

（2007-2008学年第二学期通选课） 说明:

（1）考试采用小论文形式。

（2）选课的同学有下列题目供选择，第1题为必答题， 2----10题目中任选一题，每一道题目要求同学查阅相关资料后回答，在论述的过程中必须阐明自己的观点和观点的理由或依据。可以引用别人的观点，但要加以评论。最后列出参考文献。第10题为必答题。终述文章占考试成绩的80%；平时课外植物实习占 20%。

（3）内容的回答为一千字以上。最好打印。

1. 从自身专业的角度谈一谈“观赏植物与花卉”这门课程对你专业的影响，建议具体叙述！（必答题）

2. 中国传统的十大名花是什么？分别是那些省市的代表花卉，详述其资源特点。

3. 彩色的主要观赏树种有哪些？。你对它们了解多少？在景观设计和园林建设方面有哪些作用？

4. 校园的观赏植物和花卉中从层次上分为哪几个层次？每个层次的代表种类（优势种）有哪些？这些植物在校园绿化中起到哪些作用？还有哪些需要改进的地方（结合校园情况从绿化角度谈）。

5. 世界五大传统切花植物是什么？现在的切花新秀有哪些，试探讨一下世界切花的现状和发展空间（结合我国的实际情况）。

6. 现代花卉的现状和发展趋势。

7. 主要的肉质观赏植物有哪些？请叙述它们的主要特点及观赏价值。

8. 对于观赏植物的感觉和欣赏是人们审美的想象、情感和理解的和谐活动的统一，你是如何理解的？

9. 从讲述的观赏植物和花卉中选择对你视觉冲击力最大的或印象最深的20种植物, 说明你选择的理由和心理感受,你觉得这些植物最适合的栽培或陈列场所。

10. 插花具有很强的装饰性，请叙述什么是插花、插花的分类、构图形式、基本步骤及插花的形式

11. 下面是“The story of the tulip”一篇文章，你阅读后有哪些感想！ 附： The tulip, symbol of Holland. But did you know that this flower has its roots in the mountains of Kazakhstan? Even in Holland most people do not know that this is the real place where their national symbol originated. Most Dutch people will tell you that the original tulip was growing in Turkey but in fact traders from Turkey brought it at the end of the 16th century from the Central Asian mountain ranges to Western Europe. In that period, the Turkish Empire was much larger than the current country Turkey.

The first reports of tulips in Europe date from 1560 and it crossed the Dutch border around 1570. The first tulips in the Hortus Botanicus of the Leiden University were planted there in 1593 by the botanist Carolus Clusius. He wanted to show this special plant only to

botanist but after a burglary in the Hortus the bulb spread over the country.

The prices paid for a tulip rose quickly and a single bulb of the Semper August changed owner for prices of 3000 Dutch guilders. At that time you could buy for the same price a decent house in Amsterdam. A similar tulip species was sold a short time later for 4500 guilders, a horse and a carriage. Because there were less bulbs than could be traded, businessmen started to sell future contracts for bulbs that were still in the soil. These contracts were sold with enormous profits and more and more people wanted to buy these contracts. An orphanage that sold some tulip bulbs from the inheritance of orphans earned 90000 Dutch guilders, equivalent to millions of euros in present days. To compare, at almost the same moment the famous painter Rembrandt only asked 1600 guilders for his painting "The Night watch". In 1637, the prices for tulips didn't rise anymore and there were rumours that the end of the profit was near. An implosion of the market followed and thousands of businessmen were ruined.

The Dutch have created hundreds of different types of tulips in the last centuries. But not only the Dutch were good in creating new types. Nature did also a good job in Kazakhstan where you can find 34 different species of this flower in the wild today. 6 of these species

are present in the Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve. If you are comming from Holland or are interested in this flower, a walking trip in the Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve will be the best opportunity to see this flower in it's own habitat. While walking in the nature reserve, you will find many tulip species like tulipa greigii and tulipa kaufmanniana.

注：答题格式

观赏植物与花卉（2007-2008第二学期）

院系名称： 姓名 学号

1. 从自身专业的角度谈一谈“观赏植物与花卉”这门课程对你专业的影响及选课的理由，建议具体叙述！（必答题）

我是信息工程学院的一名学生，专业是电子信息科学与技术，选这门课是因为平时挺喜欢花花草草的，在家养花时看到花从发芽到开花的过程心里充满成就感。平时也喜欢看一些花草的图片，虽然我自己不能找出那样的图片，但看到那样的图片时特别是艺术效果很强的图片心里还是很震撼的，没想到小小的花草也有这种效果，更加增添了对这门课的喜爱。

2、第十题

插花艺术，即指将剪切下来的植物的枝、叶、花、果作为素材，经过一定的技术（修剪、整枝、弯曲等）和艺术（构思、造型、设色等）加工，重新配置成一件精制完美、富有诗情画意，能再现大自然美和生活美的花卉艺术品。插花艺术的起源应归于人们对花卉的热爱，通过对花卉的定格，表达一种意境来体验生命的真实与灿烂。插花艺术对中国人而言，插花作品被视为一个天人合一的宇宙生命之融合。以“花”做为主要素材，在瓶、盘、碗、缸、筒、篮、盆等七大花器内造化天地无穷奥妙的一种盆景类的花卉艺术，其表现方式颇为雅致，令人把

玩，爱不释手。分为鲜切花(fresh cut flowers)插花和干切花(dry cut flowers)插花。 插花根据不同的形式可以分为很多类。

（一）按用途分类

1.礼仪插花：主要用于喜庆迎送、敬老祝寿、开业庆典、演出成功、社交等礼仪活动。要求插花造型简洁整齐，色彩鲜艳，体形较大，多以花篮、花束、花钵、桌饰、瓶花等形式出现。

2.艺术插花:以美化装饰环境和陈设在各展览会上供艺术欣赏、活跃文化娱乐活动为主要目的插花，称为艺术插花。

（二） 按艺术风格分类： 主要包括东方式插花和西方式插花

1.东方式插花：主要指日本的花道和中国传统的插花艺术。

（1）日本式插花：以3个主枝为主干，分别代表天、地、人，且各主枝的长度有严格的规定。利用三个主枝的高、低、俯、仰，构成了各种各样的形式，如直立型、倾斜型、下垂型、平面型等。如感花枝疏少孤寂，可加上其它的花朵枝叶作适当的衬托，那些衬托的物品称为“从枝”或“役枝”，使整个构图达到完美的境界

其要旨是：

奉献：有如大自然界将花和树最美的一面无私地献给人类。

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