《语言学导论》复习思考题

西南大学文旭褚修伟

《语言学导论》复习思考题

Ⅰ. In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question, or best completes the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.

1. According to Noam Chomsky, language is the product of_______.

A. an innate faculty, unique to humans B. communication

C. environmental conditioning D. all of the above

2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? ________.

A. Language is just for communication.

B. Language is one of many ways in which we experience the world.

C. Language is a sign system.

D. Language is arbitrary and conventional.

3. Which one of the following statements about errors in foreign language learning in FALSE? _________.

A. Errors can not be avoided in foreign language learning.

B. Errors tell the teacher how far towards the goal the learner has progressed and consequently what remains for him to learn.

C. Errors are something bad that should not be allowed in foreign language learning.

D. Errors provide the researcher with evidence of how language is learned or acquired, what strategies or procedures the learner is employing is his discovery of the language.

4. The English language has______.

A. morphemes B. syntax C. number agreement D. all of the above

5. “He” and “she” are not examples of gender agreement in English, because_____.

A. they are pronouns

B. they need not agree with other words in an English sentence

C. they mark biological/social gender

D. both b and c above

6. A phoneme is_____.

A. the smallest meaningful unit in language

B. the smallest unit in language

C. the same as an allophone

D. both b and c above

7. Of the following, what are the two types of phonetics______.

A. acoustic and electric B. arbitrary and auditory

C. articulatory and acoustic D. allophonic and allomorphic

8. /Wik/ is a transcription of_______.

A. sick B. chick C. chic D. thick

9. The Black English sentence “I don't gotta do nothing” is considered incorrect because________.

A. it contains a double negative and is thus inherently incorrect

B. it is impossible to understand

C. it is not associated with the upper class use of standard English

D. both a and b above

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10. The use of non-standard English persists because_______.

A. the working class is incapable of speaking “correctly”

B. English is a complicated and therefore difficult language to master

C. subordinate groups use non-standard English to promote solidarity

D. teachers do not properly stress the importance of standard English in schools

11. True or false: Chinese has no inflections for grammatical case. ______.

A. True B. False

12. What is defined as 'the study of sentence structure'? ______.

A. Morphology B. Semantics C. Phonology D. Syntax

13. ______ refers to the fact that there is no necessary or logical relationship between a linguistic form and its meaning. ______.

A. Displacement B. creativity C. arbitrariness D. duality

14. The study of a language at some point of time is called________.

A. computational linguistics B. sociolinguistics

C. diachronic linguistics D. synchronic linguistics

15. ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community

A. Langue B. performance C. competence D. parole

16. Traditional grammar is ________.

A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. non-Latin-based D. wrong

17. ______ is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.

A. Phonology B. Phonetic alphabet C. Corpus linguistics D. Phonetics

18. _____ is the minimal unit in the sound system of a language, which is of distinctive value.

A. Allophone B. Phone C. Phoneme D. Morpheme

19. Which of the following factors does not help to identify a word? ______.

A. Relative shortness B.Relative uninterruptibility

C. A minimum free form D. Stability

20. Speech act theory was initially developed by _______.

A. Halliday B. Austin C. Searle D. Grice

21. The four major modes of semantic change are_______.

A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation

B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation

C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation

D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation

22. The relation between the two words “husband” and “wife” can be described as____.

A. gradable antonymy B. converse antonymy

C. complementary antonymy D. synonymy

23. “friendly” is a _______.

A. compound B. inflectional word C. derivative D. morpheme

24. The construction “honest people” is _______.

A. a coordinate construction B. an exocentric construction

C. an endocentric construction D. an immediate constituent

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25. The word “brunch” and “motel” are _______.

A. formed by blending B. acronyms

C. coined by back-formation D. clipped words

26. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn t it?” is _______.

A. directive B. informative C. performative D. phatic

27. Which of the following sounds is a voiced bilabial stop? ______.

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