毕业论文《常用路由协议的分析与实际应用》

摘要

摘 要

随着计算机网络规模的不断发展与扩大，大型互联网络的迅猛的发展，路由技术在网络技术中已经逐渐成为关键的部分，路由器也随之成为最重要的网络设备。用户的要求推动着路由技术的发展和路由器的普及，人们已经不满足于仅在本地网络上共享信息，而希望最大限度的利用全球各地地区、各个类型的网络资源。

计算机与计算机之间的通信离不开通信协议，通信协议实际上是一组规定和约定的集合。两台计算机在通信时必须约定好本次通信做什么，是进行文件传输，还是发送电子邮件；怎样通信，什么时间通信等。

本文首先在开头对计算机网基本的理论知识做了基本的介绍，以及所涉及的有关协议的介绍，然后对常见的路由协议进行了介绍和分析，尤其对动态路由协议的分析，再次，对路由器有关的概念及工作原理和过程做了简单的分析与介绍，最后，路由协议在实际中的应用，尤其是对OSPF协议的实际应用和分析。路由协议创建了路由表，描述了网络拓扑结构：路由协议与路由器协同工作，执行路由选择和数据转发功能，因此学习和研究路由协议，有利于对计算机网络的更深刻的认识和了解，对以后的学习和工作有很大的帮助。

关键字：计算机 通信协议 动态路由协议 路由器 OSPf

摘要

ABSTRACT Nowadays ，along with the computer network scale continuous development and expansion, large Internet network of rapid development, routing technology in network technology has become a key part of, the router also will become the most important network equipment. The requirements of the customers push routing technology development and popularization of the router, people have not content to just in local networks to share information on and to maximize the use of in the world, all types of network resources.

The communication between the computer and the computer without communication protocol, communication protocol is actually a set of rules and agreed the set. Two computers in communication must agree on the communication and do what is on file transfer, or send E-mail; How communication, what time communication, etc.

This paper firstly in the beginning of computer network basic theory of knowledge to do the basic introduction, and involves the relevant agreement introduced, and then to the common routing protocol is introduced and analyzed, especially for the analysis of the dynamic routing protocol, again, to the concept of the router and working principle and process of simple analysis and introduce, finally, routing protocols in real application, especially for the practical application of OSPF agreement and analysis. Routing protocol to create the routing table, describe the network topology structure: routing protocol and router collaborative work, the execution routing and data forwarding function, so study and research of routing protocols, is advantageous to the computer network more in-depth knowledge and understanding, and for the future study and work has a lot of help.

Keywords: computer Communication protocol Dynamic routing protocol router ospf protocol

目录 i

目 录

第一章 绪论 ........................................................ 1

1.1课题背景 ...................................................... 1

1.2研究的意义 .................................................... 1

1.3计算机网络理论概论 ............................................ 2

1.3.1 计算机网络在中国的发展 .................................. 2

1.3.2 计算机网络中的基本概念 .................................. 2

1.3.3 OSI参考模型及协议集的概念 .............................. 3

1.3.4 TCP/IP协议简述 ......................................... 4

1.4各层间协议的工作原理 .......................................... 5

1.4.1协议层基本概念 .......................................... 5

1.4.2数据在层间传输过程 ...................................... 5

1.5本章小结 ...................................................... 6

第二章 路由协议介绍及分析 .......................................... 7

2.1 路由选择协议的基本概念 ...................................... 7

2.2 路由算法 .................................................... 8

2.3路由选择协议分类 .............................................. 9

2.4 路由选择协议分析 ............................................. 9

2.4.1 内部网关协议（IGP） ..................................... 9

2.4.2 路由选择信息协议（RIP） ................................ 10

2.4.3内部网关路由协议（IGRP） ............................... 11

2.4.4增强内部网关路由协议（EIGRP） .......................... 12

2.4.5 开放式最短路优先路由信息协议（OSPF） ................... 13

2.5外部网关协议（EGP） .......................................... 15

2.5.1边界网关协议（BGP） .................................... 15

2.6本章小结 ..................................................... 16

第三章 路由器 ..................................................... 17

3.1路由器基础 ................................................... 17

ii 目录

3.1.1路由器的概念及功能 ...................................... 17

3.2路由器的工作原理 ............................................. 18

3.2.1路由表的概念 ............................................ 18

3.2.2路由表的形成及分类 ...................................... 18

3.2.3路由器的工作过程 ........................................ 18

3.3本章小结 .............................................................................................................................. 19

第四章 路由协议的实际应用与案例分析 ................................ 21

4.1 RIP与OSPF实例 .............................................. 21

4.2广东省水文局广域网现状 ....................................... 24

4.3现有这种广域网接入模式的缺陷 ................................. 25

4.4 OSPF路由协议和传统路由协议RIP协议的比较 ................... 26

4.5水文广域网选用OSPF路由协议的必要性 .......................... 27

4.6 OSPF协议在广东省水文局广域网的实际应用 ...................... 27

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