《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)(7)

The third group is irregular both in form and meaning.

Two features of idioms: ambiguity and syntactic peculiarities

29、types of dictionaries:

general and specialized dictionaries

monolingual and bilingual dictionaries

electronic and print dictionaries

30、Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

All the definitions are written using the Longman defining vocabulary of just 2000 common words.

The top 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English are highlighted to show which are the most important to know.

Whether In print, on DVD-ROM, online, via a PDA or mobile phone, the user can access language support whenever and wherever he/she wants.

31、a euphemism is a word or phrase that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid frightening or unpleasant subjects.

32、classification of euphemisms P122

1). Terms of foreign and/or technical origin (e.g. copulation, perspire…)

2).abbreviations (e.g. SOB for son of a bitch…)

3).abstractions and ambiguities (e.g. it for excrement…)

4).indirections (e.g. unmentionables, privates…)

5).mispronunciation (e.g. goldarnit, dadgummit…)

6).litotes or reserved understatement (e.g. not exactly thin for fat…)

7).changing nouns to modifiers (e.g. makes her look slutty for is a slut…)

8). Slang (e.g. pot for marijuana, laid for sex…)

33、slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered

standard in the speaker’s dialect or language. A slang word is often an informal and transient lexical item used by a specific social group.

34、ameliorations refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words. A development of the meaning in the opposite direction, which is perhaps more frequent, is called pejoration. P129 第一个表格

35、metaphor is very common in English. It is often considered as a variation in the expression of meanings.