《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)(5)

Modern English is characterized with three main features of unprecedented growth of scientific vocabulary, the assertion of American English as a dominant variety of the language, and the emergence of other varieties known as ?New Englishes‘.

2. appeareth in (a) becomes appeared in (b), and dreame becomes dream. The passive were

departed becomes the active had gone. With the change of word forms, (b) looks simple morphologically.

3. barf: American slang kerchief: Frenchmutton: French

cadaver: Latin goober: Kongo leviathan: Latin ginseng: Chinese taffy: North American kimono: Japanese

whisky: Irish caddy: Malay sphere: Latin algebra: Arabicgiraffe: African

4. train: meaning changed from the trailing part of a gown to a wide range of extended

meanings.

deer: meaning narrowed from ?beast‘ or ?animal‘ to ?a particular kind of animal‘

knight: meaning ameliorated from ?boy, manservant’ to ?a man in the UK who has been given an honor of knighthood‘

meat: meaning narrowed down from ?food‘ to ?the edible flesh of animals and the edible part of fruit‘.

hose: meaning extended from ?leg covering‘ to ?a long tube for carrying water‘.

5. sell: specializedhound: specialized

starve: specialized wife: specialized loaf: specialized 6.

Chapter 4

1. read+-i+-nessdis-+courage+-ing kind+heart+-edun-+doubt+-ed+-ly stock+room+-s pre-+pack+-age+-ed

2. book: books(n.); books(v.), booking, booked, booked

forget: forgets, forgetting, forgot, forgotten

short: shorter, shortest

snap: snaps, snapping, snapped

take: takes, taking, took, taken goose: geese

heavy: heavier, heaviest

3. –ish: meaning ?having the nature of , like‘

de-: meaning ?the opposite of‘ -ify: meaning ?make, become‘ -dom: means ?the state of ‘

il-(im-/in-): meaning ?the opposite of, not‘ -able: meaning ?that can or must be‘ mis-: meaning ?wrongly or badly‘

-sion(-tion):meaning ?the state/process of‘ pre-: meaning ?prior to‘

-ment: meaning ?the action of‘ re-: meaning ?again‘

under-: meaning ?not enough‘

-al: meaning ?the process or state of‘

4. a. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N‖ structure, in which adjectives

are used to modify nouns ?line, line, neck, room‘. Hotline means ?a telephone number that people can call for information‘. Mainline means ?an important railway line between two cities‘. Redneck means ?a person from the southern US‘. Darkroom means ?a room with very little in it, used for developing photographs‘.

b. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Bookshelf means ?a shelf for keeping books‘. Breadbasket means ?a container for serving bread‘. Mailbox means ?a box for putting letters in when they delivered to a house‘. Wineglass means ?a glass for drinking wine‘.

c. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Letterhead means ?the head of a letter (i.e. the name and address of an organization printed at the top of a letter)‘. Roadside means ?the area at the side of a road‘. Keyhole means ?the hole in a lock for putting the key in‘. Hilltop means ?the top of a hill‘.

d. They are exocentric compounds. Dropout means ?a person who leaves school before they have finished their studies. Go-between means ?a person who takes messages between people‘. Turnout means ?the number of people who come to an event‘. Standby means ?a person or thing that can always be used if needed‘.

e. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N-ed‖ structure, in which adjectives are used to modify the N-ed.

f. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + Adj‖ structure, meaning As Adj As N.

5. in-: not, the opposite of

篇三：英语词汇学教程期末总结

1、 what is lexicology?

Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words.

2、 morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. In morphology, morpheme is a basic concept. Morphemes are considered as the smallest meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words. Semantics is often defined as the study of meaning. Semantics is usually approached from one of two perspectives: philosophical or linguistic. Etymology is the study of the whole history of words. First…second…third P2

3、 lexicography is closely related to the words in a given language. It involves the writing and compilation of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that underlie the process of compiling and editing dictionaries.

4、 Major features of words:

1). a word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with our vocal equipment.

2). a word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else.

3). the word is an uninterruptible unit. …… 此处隐藏：2688字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……