词汇的理据性对比(学生)英汉语言对比

A Contrastive Study of Motivation of Words in English and Chinese 词汇的理据性对比

Motivation: In linguistics, motivation means certain relationships that exist between the form of a word and its meaning.

Classification of Motivation:

1. Phonetic (onomatopoeic) (Primary Onomatopoeia; Secondary Onomatopoeia)

2. Morphological (logical )

3. Semantic motivation

Contrastive study of primary onomatopoeic words in English and Chinese

coo (咕咕) 鸽子叫声 bang (砰) 撞击声

howl（嗥）狼叫声 ding dong (叮当) 金属碰撞声

mew (喵) 猫叫声 hem and haw (哼哈) 踌躇，支吾声

giggle, gurgle (咯咯) 人笑声 wheeze (呼哧) 喘息声

1) “对于英汉语言来说，这种差异可能表现在对同一种声音的不同摹拟上，也可能表现在声音与拟声词的非对应关系上，即一个拟声词可能是对若干种不同声音的模拟，而一种声音也可能用若干不同的拟声词来描绘’. 例如:

buzz(嗡嗡) (蜂苍蝇等)嗡嗡声 drip- drop(滴滴嗒嗒) 滴水声

bleat (喃喃) 小的说话声 murmur(汩汩，潺潺) 水流动声

crash（哗啦) 物体倾倒的声音 rat- tat (梆梆) 敲打木头声

babble（咕嘟) 水沸腾、涌出的声音 splash (扑通) 重物落水声

neigh (萧萧) 马嘶声 whistle （嘀嘀) 笛声

2) 逼真度For example, rustle is used to imitate “刷 哗啦 刷拉 飒飒 瑟瑟” ; rumble for “轰隆， 咕隆， 咕噜”

3) 使用：A. 英语基本拟声词可用作动词和名词（作介词宾语构成短语作状语）

B. 汉语基本拟声词直接作状语或与“ 的一声”连用作状语修饰动词。

The car whizzed by him. Crickets are chirping in the grass.

The door banged shut. The spring kept bubling up.

The corn leaves rustled in the wind. The Luggage trolley rattled along the platform.

The car tooted. His stomach keeps rumbling.

The stream went gurgling on. The red flags are flapping in the wind.

Thunder rumbled. This door always creaks.

The autumn wind is soughing in the tress. The rock fell into the water with a splash.

The rain kept pitter-pattering. The bottle opened with a fizz.

Her heart went pit-a-pat. The wall fell with a crash.

The baby is babling out its first speech sounds. The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter.

The children began to clap their hands. The enemy pillbox was blown up with a bang.

The door clicked shut. The plank fell on the ground with a thump.

She squelched bearfoot through the mud.

Contrastive study of semantically-motivated words in English and Chinese 具有语义理据的词的对比

1. 源于神话、宗教的词语 5. 源于政治制度、教育体系、体育运动、意识形态的词语

2. 源于文学名著名篇的词语 6. 动植物名词

3. 源于历史事实、风俗习惯的词语 7. 颜色词

4. 源于地理环境、生活生产方式的词语 8. 数词

A Contrastive Study on Cultural Connotations of Basic Color

Terms between English and Chinese英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对

比研究 Chapter one Introduction 3.2.8. Gray and灰 1.1 Definition of Basic Color Terms

3.3. Comments on Similarities and Differences in Theory 1.2 Definition of Cultural Connotations. Chapter Four Causes for Similarities and Differences 1.3 Possibility and Necessity of the Contrastive Analysis 4 .1 .Causes for Similarities 1.3.1.Possibility 4.2. Causes for Differences 1.3.2.Necessity 4.2.1.Perception Chapter two Literature Review

4.2.2. Environment 2.1 Study on Colors in Foreign Countries 4.2.3.Philosophy 2.1 .1 Epistemic Orientation 4.2.4.Religion 2 .1.2.Linguistic Orientation 4.2.5.Other Causes 2.2. Study on Color Terms in China Chapter Five Implication Chapter Three A Contrastive Study on Cultural Connotations

5 .1 .Implication for the Relationship between Color terms and of Basic Color Terms between English and Chinese Culture 3 .1 .Principles of Studying Color Terms

5.2. Implication for the Use of Color Terms in Cross一cultural 3 .1 .1 .Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

3 .1. 2. Berlin&Kay's Theory of Basic Color Terms Communication

3.2.Contrast of Cultural Connotations of Basic Color Terms 5.3. Implication for Learning Color Terms in Second Language between English and Chinese. Learning

5.4. Implication for Translation of Color Terms 3.2.1.Black and黑

Chapter Six Conclusion. 3.2.2. White and白 Bibliography 3.2.3 Red and红 Abstract (Chinese) 3.2.4Yellow and黄 Abstract (English) 3.2.5.Green and绿 Acknowledgements 3.2.6. Blue and蓝 3.2.7. Purple and紫