运营监测论文：大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

运营监测论文：大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

运营监测论文：大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

【中文摘要】大跨桥梁的安全运营关系到国家的交通、经济发展、军事乃至人民生命财产安全,大跨桥梁的健康监测技术也成为研究和发展的一个重要领域,本文以韩家沱长江大桥(大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥)运营监测系统方案设计为背景,研究了运营监测系统的架构,在设计其硬件系统时,成功运用改进遗传算法对传感器进行寻优布点。主要完成了以下几个方面的工作：(1)分析了传感器优化布置的数学模型及其约束条件,用二重结构遗传编码考虑传感器数目固定这一约束条件的满足问题,并对选择算子、交叉算子和变异算子进行相应改进,引入了自适应交叉概率和自适应变异概率,确保了改进遗传算法的收敛性,提高了效率。(2)基于模态应变能准则和MAC准则针对不同构件(监测对象)和不同传感器(监测)设计了四种适应度函数,并比较分析了这两种准则。(3)运用改进遗传算法对韩家沱长江大桥主要构件的传感器进行了优化布置,总结了结果的特点,讨论了对结果的影响因素。并运用韩家沱长江大桥有限元数值模型分析大桥的静动力特性对结果进行验证和必要的修改。(4)对韩家沱长江大桥运营监测系统方案总体架构、硬件系统进行了设计,以及对结构状态预警进行了介绍。

【英文摘要】The safe operation of large span bridges has close contact with the country’s transportation, economic development, military and even people’s lives and property safety, large span bridge health monitoring technology

运营监测论文：大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

research and development have become an important field.In this paper, the design of operational monitoring systems for Han jiatuo Yangtze River Bridge (a large span railway steel truss cable stayed bridge) as background,I researched the framework of the operati,onal monitoring system,and successfully solved the problem of optimal placement of sensors using improved genetic algorithm in the design of the hardware system. I completed the following major areas:(1) First, the

mathematical model of optimal sensor placement and its

constraints were analyzed,I used the dual structure of genetic code considering the fixed number of sensors, correspondingly selection operator, crossover operator and mutation operator were improved, the convergence of improved genetic algorithms was ensured and the efficiency was improved with the

introduction of the probability of adaptive crossover and the probability of adaptive mutation.(2) For different components (monitoring objects) and different sensors (monitoring

purposes), Four fitness function were designed based on Modal Strain Energy criteria and MAC criteria, the two criteria was compared and analysised.(3) I have done the optimal sensor placement for the main components of Han jiatuo Yangtze River Bridge, summarized the characteristics of results, discussed

运营监测论文：大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

the factors of results, verified and necessarily changed the results using the static and dynamic characteristics of Han jiatuo Yangtze River Bridge finite element model.(4) The the general framework of operational monitoring systems and hardware systems were designed, and the state warning of structure was introduced.

【关键词】运营监测 传感器 优化布置 改进遗传算法 铁路钢桁斜拉桥 有限元模型

【英文关键词】operation monitoring sensors optimal layout improved genetic algorithm steel truss cable stayed railway bridge finite element model

【目录】大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

6-7Abstract7

10-14第1章 绪论10-221.2 传感器优化布置

1.2.2 传感摘要1.1 课题的工程背景及研究意义14-201.2.1 传感器优化布置数学模型14

器优化布置的准则和计算方法14-16

器优化布置的研究及应用现状16-19

器优化布置的注意事项19-20

20-22

221.2.3 桥梁监测中传感1.2.4 桥梁监测中传感1.3 本论文研究的主要内容2.1 遗传算法简介2.3 改进第2章 遗传算法22-282.2 基本遗传算法和广义遗传算法22-23

23-27遗传算法及程序实现

24-272.3.1 改进遗传算法的特点2.4 本章2.3.2 改进遗传算法的主程序实现27

运营监测论文：大跨度铁路钢桁斜拉桥传感器优化布置研究

小结27-28

工程概况28-33

33-34第3章 传感器优化布置的应用28-673.2 传感器候选测点的选取33-343.1 3.2.1 主桁候选测点的确定3.2.2 桥塔候选测点的确定34

34-373.3 传感器优化布置的适应度3.5 三种3.4 候选测点的模态参数提取37-46

46-49遗传算法的计算比较

49-52

52-66

52-57

57-603.6 两种准则的计算比较3.7 利用改进遗传算法寻求传感器最优布点3.7.1 主桁竖向位移和竖向加速度传感器的优化布置3.7.2 主桁横向加速度传感器的优化布置3.7.3 主桁应变传感器的优化布置60-63

3.8 本章小结3.7.4 桥塔倾角传感器的优化布置63-66

66-67

67-77

67-69

70-74

预警74-76

77-79

85-95

致谢第4章 韩家沱长江大桥运营监测系统设计4.1 韩家沱长江大桥运营监测系统概述4.2 硬件系统69-744.2.1 传感器子系统4.3 结构状态4.2.2 数据采集与传输子系统744.4 本章小结76-7779-80参考文献结论与展望80-85附录