牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

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在前一个单元，我们回顾了非谓语 动词在句子中充当主语、定语和宾 语补足语时所表示的意义，以及他 们在充当这些句子成分时的区别。 这节课，我们接着学习非谓语动词 的另一句法功能—作状语。

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

To learn to identify non-finite verbs used as adverbials To learn the differences between to infinitive and verb-ing/verb-ed when used as adverbials

To learn different forms of non-finite verbs

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

Infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed

Non-finite verbs are often used as adverbials. What are the hidden meanings do they usually express? Are there any differences when they are used as adverbials? Do they have any other forms? Read the points on Page 24. You will find the answers.

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑 主语应与句子的主语保持一致。 (1)做目的状语 可单独出现，或以in order to+动词原形、 so as to+动词原形等形式做目的状语，可 置于句首，意为“为了……”,如： To catch the bus, you must get up early. =In order to catch the bus… = You must get up early so as to catch…

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

(2)做结果或程度状语 常以enough to 或too…to…等形式出现， 并能转换成so…that…句式。如： Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope. = Liu Mei was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope. He was too young to lift that box. = He was so young that he cannot lift that box.

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

— Could you be so kind as to close the window? — With pleasure.I am such a fool as to think that she is a warm-hearted woman. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

(3)做原因状语 常用在sorry, glad, surprised, pleased, angry等词后说明产生这种情绪的原因， 或表示没有预料到的、事与愿违的结 果，不定式要放在句子的后面，若不 定式为不及物动词，其后应加必要的 介词。如： I’m sorry to hear about your failure on business. He will be so glad to see you here.

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

分词作状语 1.分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示 时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随 状语。通常可以转换成相应的状语从句。 表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列 或非限制性定语从句。如： Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (时间)

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. (原因) Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (条件) We often provide our children with toys, thinking that all children like them. (=and think that …) (伴随)

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

2.有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, once, if, though, although, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便句

子的 意思更清楚、更连贯。如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. though tired, he still continued reading.

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

3.现在分词和过去分词作状语时区别： 不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状 语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。 分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状 语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列 句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去 分词；如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语 动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。例如：

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

When compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (分词部分相当于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与分词是被动关系。) When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (When we compare it with the size of the whole earth…主语与分词是主动关系。)

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

4.现在分词的两种时态：一般式doing, 通常指与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生或无先后顺序; 完成式having done则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语 动词所表示的动作。如： While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. (同时发生) Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待”在先)

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

5.分词完成式的两种语态：主动语态 having done;被动语态having been done。 Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. 6.分词的否定式的构成: not +分词。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Not repaired well, the washing machine stopped working again.

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

7.分词的独立主格结构是分词的一种特 殊形式，在句中作状语。在分词的独立 主格结构中，名词或代词同其后的分词 在逻辑上有主谓关系时用现在分词；在 逻辑上有动宾关系时用过去分词。在独 立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发 生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词 完成时态表示。 如： Winter coming, it’s getting colder and colder. (winter和come是逻辑主谓关系)

牛津译林 模块六第二单元 M6U2 Grammar and usage语法

More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained. (句中money与give是动宾关 系，所以用过去分词) The snow having stopped, she went out to sweep the snow in the yard. (强调分词动作发生在先) 注：在独立结构中，现在分词的完成式有 时可以简化成过去分词。 His work having been finished …… 此处隐藏：3007字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……