The type I interferon system in the etiopathogenesis of auto(4)

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IFNreceptor,theBDCA-2antigenonpDC(38,99),lno oroligodeoxyribonucleotideoroligoribonucleotideesuTLRantagonists(100).Noneoftheseagentshavel anobeentestedsofarinhumanSLEpatients.srep rFoConclusion

ThetypeIIFNsystemisactivatedinpatientswithseveralsystemicautoimmunediseases,whichseemstobeofmajorimportanceinthediseaseprocess.ThegeneticandimmunologicalbackgroundtotheincreasedproductionofIFN-aistosomeextentclari ed,butseveralquestionsstillremaintobeanswered.Amongthesearethemechanismsthatleadtodifferentdiseasephenotypes,despiteasimilarIFNsignature,andtheoptimalwaytodown-regulatethetypeIIFNsystem.Despitethis,anumberofstudiesthattargettheincreasedIFN-alevelsinseveralautoimmunediseasesareinanearlyclinicalphase.Acknowledgements

IthankProfessorGunnarV.Almforcriticalreadingofthemanuscript.ThisworkwassupportedbytheSwedishResearchCouncil,theSwedishRheumatismAssociation,Söderbergsfoundation,theKingGustafV80thBirthdayFoundation,andCOMBINE.Declarationofinterest:Theauthorreportsnocon ictsofinterest.Theauthoraloneisresponsibleforthecontentandwritingofthepaper.

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