新版八年级下U3_Traditional_skills_知识点讲解及练习

沪教版 u3 知识综合检测

U3 Traditional skills

一必记单词: description,describe,fishermen,although,fit,dive,ready,reach,attract,hang,require,practise,scissors,pattern Character,health,simple,lovely

二常考短语：paper cutting, up to, set off, up and down, after dark, no more, all the time

三知识讲解及拓展

Eg: 1 --How is your grandma?

--She is fine. She used to ________TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _________ out for a walk.

A watch, go B watching,go C watching,going D watch,going

2 Bamboo can _______paper.

A used to make B be used make C be used to make D be used to making

2 although 虽然，尽管

与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句。不能与but同时出现在句子中。Although比较正式，

常用于句首；though多用于非正式文体，表示强调。

Eg: --The boy can speak both English and Japanese_____he is only ten. --Wow, what a clever boy.

A if B because C although

3 fit adj. 健壮的，健康的 v. 合适，侧重于尺寸，大小合适。

To keep fit, she eats a lot of vegetables and fruits.

This coat doesn’t fit me.

4 up to 到达，至多有； up to now 到现在为止=by now

His storybooks are up to 50.

5 set off 出发，动身=set out

They set off at night.

6 get/be ready for 为......做好准备， be ready 准备好的..... Be ready to do sth准备做某事

Mother gets ready for dinner.

Tom is ready for the exam.

Are you ready?

I’m ready to go.

7 tie...around..栓......在......周围

The girl ties a scarf around her neck.

Tie to 把......系在......

He tied the horse to a tree.

Tie up 系好，捆好

Please tie up your safety belt.

8 stop ...from doing 阻止.......做......=prevent ...from=keep ...from

The heavy rain prevented/kept us from climbing the mountain.

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10 hang 悬挂，吊

悬挂： hang-hung-hung; 绞死，吊死：hang-hanged-hanged

11 throw短语

Throw ...into 把......扔进.... Throw away 扔掉 throw off 匆匆脱掉 throw at 向......扔去 He threw a stone into the river.

Throw away those old newspapers.

Don’t throw off your coat. It’s cold outside.

Tom threw stones at my dog.

12 require&need

Plants require watering every day.

They require that I should appear.

I need to buy a new bike.

The room needs to be cleaned.

You needn’t come.

We are no longer students.

He is no more a student.= He isn’t a student any more.

14 mistake 错误

Make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 错误地，无意中

Mistake A for B 把A错认成B

He makes a lot of mistakes in grammar.

I took her umbrella by mistake.

I often mistake Lucy for Lily.

Tom left for Shanghai two weeks later.

16 keep 短语

Keep sb/sth + 形容词：使......保持......; keep +形容词：保持某种状态； keep (sb) doing：不停地做某事

Coats will keep you warm.

We should keep out school clean and tidy.

The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.

Don’t keep talking.

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17 名词+y=形容词

Health(健康）+y=healthy（健康的） luck(幸运）+y=lucky（幸运的）

In good/bad/poor health 健康状况好/不好 keep healthy 保持健康

For luck 为了吉利； bad luck 倒霉 good luck 好运

They made wine from rice.

Paper is made from wood.

The house is made of wood,

The doll is made up of four parts.

四语法--被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：_____________和________________。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

1、被动语态的构成

英语动词的被动语态由____________________________构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the two boys.The book has been translated into several languages.

2、被动语态的用法

（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：

Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.

（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如： This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.

（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。

例如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语)

→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.

(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。

例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day.→They were made to work ten hours a day.

A boy saw him enter the house.→He was seen to enter the house.

3、被动语态的时态

一般现在时构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词例如：This kind of car is made in shanghai.

一般过去时构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词例如：The bridge was built in 1992.

现在进行时构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.

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过去进行时构成：was/were + being + 动词的过去分词

一般将来时构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow. 过去将来时构成：would/was(were )going to do + be + 动词的过去分词

现在完成时构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词例如：Has his work been finished?

过去完成时构成：助动词had + been + 动词的过去分词

带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?

主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：

①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；

②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；