过去分词的句法功能

过去分词的句法功能

过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

（一）定语

作定语用的过去分词如果是单个的词，就放在被修饰的词的前面；若为分词短语则放在所修饰的词的后面。如：

The excited children are opening their Christmas presents.

兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。

Some of the people invited (=who have been invited) to the party can’t come.

有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。

注意：（1）做定语用的过去分词通常指已完成的动作，若要表示现在进行的动作则要用过去分词的进行形式。

We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

=We must keep a secret of the things which are being discussed here. 我们必须对这里讨论的问题保密。

（2）如指未来的情况，都用不定式的被动形式。

He prepared some poems to be recited at the English evening. 他准备了几首将在英语晚会上朗诵的诗。

例1．The computer centre, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A．open B．opening

C．having opened D．opened

答案与简析：选D。过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which was opened.

过去分词作后置定语课文中的例句：

And this landscape is also wonderfully compact, so you can stride over grassy slopes with spectacular views of idyllic lakes far below, set against imposing peaks.

（二）表语

Be prepared! 做好准备！

Everybody got excited about the boat trip.

大家对坐船游览倍感兴奋。

（三）宾（主）语补足语

What made you so frightened?

什么使你这样惊恐？

He was found injured at the foot of a cliff.

他被发现在山岩脚下受了伤。

例2．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A．carry out B．carrying out

C．carried out D．to carry out

答案与简析：选C。过去分词短语在定语从句中作宾补。

（四）做状语

1．Born into a peasant family (=As he was born into a peasant family), he had only two years of schooling.（由于）他出生于农民家庭，他只上了两年学。

2．United we stand, divided we fall.

=(If we are) United we stand and (=If we are divided) we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。

3．We went home exhausted (=and were exhausted).

我们筋疲力尽地回到了家里。

4. Tucked away (=Although it is tucked away) in one corner of northwest England, the Lake District is quite unique.

5. Now preserved (=Since/As it is now preserved 该结构置于句首作为原因状语更贴切，若置于句尾则可视为伴随状语) forever as the Lake District National Park, this lovely corner of the country is quintessentially English.

6．分词有时和连词一起用，相当于状语从句的省略。

Robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever (he was) needed. 罗比已安排好，随时需要这人就可以来。

例3．The child complained that the old man made no answer when _____ where he lived.

A．asking B．asked

C．to ask D．having asked

答案与简析：选B。状语从句的省略when (he was) asked. 注意：当修饰人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音时要用-ed形式。 例．Her frightened face showed us what had happened to her family.