基础医学英语口语2

英语学习

Sleep Apnea 睡眠呼吸暂停

Sleep apnea is an interruption in breathing during sleep. It is linked to obesity and decreased muscle tone due to aging. These conditions allow the windpipe to collapse when muscles relax during sleep. This problem, called obstructive sleep apnea, usually causes loud snoring.

Interruption：中断；

Obesity：[Eu5bisiti]n.肥胖，源于obese，“肥胖的”； muscle tone：肌肉张力； condition：症状，状况；

windpipe：气管。Wind指“风，通气”，pipe指“导管”； collapse：塌陷； relax：松弛；

obstructive sleep apnea：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停； snore：打呼噜，打鼾。

During an episode of obstructive apnea, the effort to inhale air creates a suction that collapses the windpipe. Airflow may be blocked for 10-60 seconds while the sleeping person struggles to breathe. Episode：状况，情节，细节，表现； Suction：[5sQkFEn]n.吸力，吸入； Airflow：气流；

Block：阻止，阻塞。

英语学习

When the person's bold oxygen level falls, the brain responds by waking the person up enough to tighten the airway muscles and open the windpipe. The person may snort or gasp, then go back to snoring. This cycle may be repeated hundreds of times a night.

Oxygen：氧气；

Tighten：紧张，绷紧，源于形容词tight,“紧张的”，-en是动词后缀，放在形容词前或后，表示“使 ”，如liven，“具有活力”； Airway：气管；

Snort：[snC:t]v.喷鼻息 Gasp：[^B:sp]v.喘息, 气喘

From waking up so many times, sleep apnea patients are always sleepy and may even experience personality changes, such as irritability or depression. personality change：性格改变； irritability：易怒； depression：抑郁症。

英语学习

Sleep apnea deprives people of oxygen, which can lead to: -morning headaches

-loss of interest in sex -decline in mental functioning -high blood pressure -irregular heartbeats

-increased risk of heart attacks or stroke lead to：导致，致使，造成；

loss of interest in sex：性欲减退； irregular heartbeats：心律不齐； heart attack：心梗； stroke：中风。

Patients with severe, untreated sleep apnea are 2-3 times more likely to have automobile accidents than people without sleep apnea. Sometimes, sleep apnea can even lead to sudden death from respiratory arrest during sleep. Severe：严重的；

respiratory arrest：呼吸暂停。Respiratory [ris5paiErEtEri]adj.呼吸的。

英语学习

Patients who have typical symptoms of sleep apnea, such as loud snoring, obesity, and excessive daytime sleepiness, should see a sleep center specialist who can perform a test called a polysomnography. Symptom：[5simptEm]n.症状； Excessive：过多的，超额的； Specialist：专家；

Polysomnography：多导睡眠检查，多导睡眠图。Poly-表示“多的, 多个的, 多于一的”之义，somn-表示“睡眠的”之义，graph表示“图，表格”之义。

A polysomnography records brain waves, heartbeat, and breathing during an entire night of sleep. If sleep apnea is diagnosed, several treatments are available.

Mild sleep apnea can often be overcome by losing weight. The patient may also avoid sleeping on his or her back. Special devices or surgery can also correct obstructions causing sleep apnea.

英语学习

Lose weight：减肥； Device：器械； Surgery：手术。

Patients with sleep apnea can wear a special mask any time a patient sleeps. This device is known as CPAP or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure device. It uses air pressure to keep the patient’s airways open during sleep. It is very successful in managing sleep apnea.

Mask：面罩；

CPAP：全称为Continuous Positive Airway Pressure device，即持续正压通气治疗仪，简称睡眠呼吸仪。

People with sleep apnea should never take sedatives or sleeping pills because they may not wake up enough to breathe.

Sedative：[5sedEtiv]adj.镇静的，止痛的；n.镇静剂。

RLS

不宁腿综合症

Restless legs syndrome, or RLS, is a hereditary disorder that causes unpleasant crawling, prickling, or tingling sensations in the legs and feet. The patient has an urge to move them for relief. RLS is becoming one of the most common sleep disorders among older people.

英语学习

hereditary ：[hi5reditEri] adj.世袭的, 遗传的。如hereditary defect，遗传缺陷；

Crawling：蚁走感。Crawl表示爬行，如crawling creature，爬行动物； Prickling：刺痛感。Prickle表示用针刺；

Tingling：灼烧感。Tingle表示引起刺痛或灼痛； Relief：[ri5li:f]n.（痛苦等的）减轻。

RLS, which affects about 12 million Americans, leads to constant leg movement during the day and insomnia at night. Severe RLS is most common in elderly people, though symptoms can develop at any age. In some cases, RLS may be linked to other conditions such as anemia, pregnancy, or diabetes. Constant：[5kCnstEnt] adj. 持续的；

anemia：[E5ni:miE]n.贫血, 贫血症。a-表示“不，无，不正常”； pregnancy：[5pre^nEnsi]n.怀孕。

Some drug therapies are available to relieve RLS. Learning why RLS occurs may lead to better therapies in the future. drug therapy：等于medication，药物治疗。

英语学习

Narcolepsy 发作性睡眠症

Narcolepsy affects approximately 250,000 Americans. People with narcolepsy have sleep attacks at various times of the day, even if they get a normal amount of sleep at night. A sleep attack is a sudden period of sleep in the middle of being awake. The disorder is thought to be due to the brain’s inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally.

Sleep attacks last anywhere from several seconds to over 30 minutes. People with narcolepsy also may experience:

-cataplexy, loss of muscle control during emotional situations -hallucinations

-disrupted nighttime sleep

-temporary paralysis when they wake up

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