研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文(3)

9(a). What advice does the author give to the novice scientists?

The author gives a lot of advice in the last paragraph. It's mainly about how to do scientific research and how to make your work known to and accepted by other scientists.

9(b). Suppose you have the plan to pursue academic study, what difficulties do you think you would have? (Open.)

10. Paraphrase the following figurative sentences:

a. Science is the sword in the stone that humanity finally pulled.

Science is the tool that the human race finally possesses. It has great potentials and is believed to empower and benefit mankind.

b. They spread out like foragers on a picket line, each alone or in small groups probing a carefully chosen, narrow sector.

Similar to those who scatter around the rope along which horses are tied and begin to search widely for food or provisions, scientists, with particular research tasks in their minds, either working individually or cooperating with others, are desperate to make discoveries.

c. They are fellow prospectors pressing deeper into an abstracted world, content most of the time to pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the mother lode.

Like those who work together to search for minerals, they push themselves forward and explore deeply into their research areas. They feel satisfied whenever there is a clue to their research, but they would not stop moving forward until real breakthroughs are made.

d. Some are as stolid as tax accounts in April.

Just like the tax accounts taxpayers generally receive in April, some scientists are not very easily aroused or excited. They tend to act in a businesslike way.

e. To be highly successful the scientist must be confident enough to steer for blue water, abandoning sight of land for a while.

A scientist who wants to achieve great success should have trust in his own abilities and be keen on doing pioneering work which is full of risks and uncertainties, without any help from previous research.

Vocabulary and structure

A

1) diagnostic 2) at most 3) spreading out 4) elitists 5) driven

6) set foot on 7) at large 8) utilitarian 9) for its own sake 10) ethos

B

1) sift 2) Admittedly 3) diagnostic 4) counseled 5) notwithstanding

6) steer 7) probed 8) presumptuous 9) strewn with 10) follows up

C

1) ambition, objective, success, goal, victory

2) treasure, collector, critic, gallery, work

3) acquire, apply, broaden, extend, improve

4) experimental, natural, medical, behavioral, social

5) symmetry, parasite, pregnancy, science, gene

6) presumptuous, gregarious, generous, courageous, ferocious

7) productive, reclusive, compulsive, decisive, exclusive

8) marine, merge, oceanic, soil, plot, division

SPEAKING: OPEN

TRANSLATION

A

1、 我没有得到这样一个机会。

2、 他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而已。

3、 如果他不通知我，我就不去。

4、 他无权签订这种合同。

5、 虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。

6、 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

7、 今天下午学生统统要交作业。

8、它的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。

9、她有礼貌地默认了她显然不懂得的事情。

10、威尔先生是个矮小、骨瘦如柴的人，黑头发、灰眼睛，脸上总挂着一丝微笑，谁都知道这笑容是伪装的。

B

1. 二十世纪，现代科学的概念作为一种信息世界的特殊品牌，实际上被不同的

团体实践，且通过独特的方法追求，在不懂领域用“科学的”药物、工程、广告或孕产这样的标题都是合法的。在1900年代，科学与技术的联系也变得越来越强。

2. 在美国，一个学位候选人研究社会科学领域可能获得文学学士学位，特备是

如果这个领域是属于传统的“文科”之一，如历史，或者可能获得学士学位，或像社会科学是构成“科学”的两个主要分支之一。（另一个是自然科学）

3. 社会学家使用多样性的研究方法，包括案例研究，历史研究，访谈，参与观

察，社会网络分析，调查研究，统计分析和模型构建等发法。1970年代末以来，许多社会学家都试图使该学科用于非学术用途。

UNIT SIX ANTHROPOLOGISTS ON THE FRONT LINES Reading comprehension

1. Some anthropologists were criticized for their involvement in military actions.

2. Because CIA wants them to collaborate with the U.S. government’s war on terror. The role social scientists play in the war is too early to assess though some reports show they succeeded in reducing attacks from the Taliban.

3. Montgomery McFate is a navy anthropologist. She is an advocate of the collaboration. Roberto Gonzalez is an associate professor of anthropology at San Jose State University and leading member of the Network of Concerned Anthropologists. He think in this kind of collaboration anthropology will become just another weapon.

4. ―Subject‖ means a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; ―fervent petitioning‖ refers to the earnest and formal request AAA received from some of its members to ban the involvement in the collaboration.

5. They find it difficult to be loyal to two communities.

6. Because civilian anthropologists have experienced ethical dilemmas, they would not fully cooperate in military actions. Washington needs social scientists trained in the agency’s own unique culture. But David Price argues that social scientists thinking in an agency-like way would not be as helpful as civilian anthropologists.

7. First, it’s difficult to build a military education system to train experts in the social sciences. Second, it takes longer to train them when compared to training general officers.

8. The Administration did not take the experts’ advice very seriously.

Vocabulary and structure

A.

1. expel 2. full-fledged 3. fared 4. Colossal 5. Compromised

6. voluntary 7. anonymity 8. in-house 9. self-sufficient 10. besotted

B.

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