高考虚拟语气详解PPT

Grammar—the Subjunctive Mood

虚 拟 语 气

英语动词有

三

种语气

We met in this room .

陈述语气Do come to the meeting next Friday .

祈使语气If I were you , I would study hard .

虚拟语气

The definition of the Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形

式(verb structure), 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact),

而只是一种假设(hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀 疑(doubt)等等。

虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；

4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。

1.If 引导的条件状语从句(1)If从句

与现在 相反与过去 相反 与将来 相反

did(be用were)

had +done did(be用were) were to+ do should +do

主句 Would /should /could / might +do Would +have + done (should/ could/might)

Would +do (should/ could/might)

If I won the lottery now, I would buy an expensive car.

现在事实相反 If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. 过去事实相反If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America. 将来事实相反

If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet

I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had If it______ tomorrow, I wouldn t attend the party. A. rain B. rains C. had rained D. were to rain

注意: 含有 should 的条件句, 主 句可以 用一般现在时或一般

将来时. 例如: If there should be another flood, what shall we do?

Ask her to leave a message ifshe should come.

(2.)省略 if 的条件从句If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

Should he fail in the experiment…

省略 if 的条件从句

If I had followed your advice, I wouldn t have made such foolish mistakes.Had I followed your advice,…

(3.)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件 句but that(要不是)、without(没有)、 otherwise(否则)、or(不然)、 under...circumstances(在……的情况下)、 in the past(在过去)相当于if it weren t/hadn t been for.. e.g.: Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. But for his help, we would be working now. Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. We didn t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

(4)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作

发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动 作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的 虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条 件句。 e.g.: If you had a

sked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

If he had followed the doctor s advice, he would be quite all right now.

2.名词性从句的虚拟语气(1).Wish 引导的宾语从句 与现在 事实相反 ： 过去时(were) 与过去事实相反： had+过去分词 与将来 事实相反 ：would/could/might+V e.g.: I wish I were a bird. I wish he hadn t done that. (do) I wish I would be rich in the future.

I wish I _____ to have a word with Danny when he was here last week.

A. had been ableB. should be able

C. have been ableD. were able

How I wish I _____ as well as she. A.shall sing B. can sing

C. could singD. should sing