语法专题突破(十一) 特殊句式和主谓一致

A Blind Date “How was your blind date(初次见面)?” a college

student asked her roommate.“Terrible!” the roommate answered.“He showed up in his 1932 Rolls Royce (劳斯莱斯).” “Wow!That's a very expensive car. What's so bad about that?”

“He was the original (最初的) owner.”

(一)特殊句式

(2010· 陕西高考)John opened the door. There ________ he had never seen before. A.a girl did stand C.did a girl stand B.a girl stood D.stood a girl

解析：此题考查完全倒装。副词there,here等位于句首， 应用完全倒装句式。句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过 的一位女孩站在那儿。 答案：D

1.全部倒装 (1)here,there,in,out,up,down,away,now,then

等表地点、方位、时间的副词放在句首时应使用全部倒装。 Down come all of you. (2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首时使用全部倒装。 Beyond the river lives an old fisherman.

Through the window came in the sweet music

(3)充当表语的现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语可提至句首构成“表语+系动词+主语+其他”的倒装句式。 Sitting around the camping fire were all the tourists from Shanghai. [注意] 若主语为人称代词，而不是名词的话，则不用倒

装。使用倒装结构时，句子时态通常为一般现在时或一般过去时。

2.部分倒装

(1) only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且放在句首时。Only in this way can we learn English well. (2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom 等置 于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. (3)so,neither/nor 表示“也”出现在句首时。 Lily can't ride,neither/nor can Lucy.

(4)在so ... that ... 结构中so +adj./adv.置于句首时，so 所在 的分句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

1.(2010· 安徽高考)It was from only a few supplies thatshe had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A.where C.when B.that D.which

解析：考查强调句式。被强调部分是from only a few supplies;句中的“that she had bought in the village”是定 语从句，修饰先行词supplies;句子主干为the hostess cooked such a nice dinner。故选B项。 答案：B

1.强调句型

结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that +其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1) 时态的运用 强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。 即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中就用was;若原

句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用is。

(2)句型变化

①be 动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。Was it in the park that you met him? ②特殊疑问词+be+it+that...?构成特殊疑问句。 What was it that prevented him from coming in time? ③反意疑问句必需和主句一

致。 It was at ten last night that I knew the news,wasn't it?

(3)人称和数的运用 被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who 之后的谓语 动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。

It is I that/who am your friend that will come to see you.(4)对not... until...结构的强调 强调not until 句型的时间状语时，要把not 与until 放在 一起。 It was not until 10 o'clock that I finished my homework.

2.谓语动词的强调 强调句型不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动 词do,did 或does。 He did write to you last week. [注意] 这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时 两种，只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有疑问和否 定形式。

3.强调句型与相关句型的辨析

(1)与定语从句的辨析①It was in the factory that they met for the first time. ②It was the factory where they met for the first time. 句①为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the factory,该 句可还原为：They met in the factory for the first time.。

句②为含有一个定语从句的主从复合句，where 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the factory,并在从句中作地点状 语，不可用that。