新编简明英语语言学教程第一章

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

戴炜栋，何兆熊，《新编简明英语语 言学教程》,上海外语教育出版社。 胡壮麟，《语言学教程》,北京大学 出版社。 刘润清，《西方语言学流派》,外语 教学与研究出版社。

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

15 % Attendance 35 % Assignment and Presentation 50 % Examination

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

What is language? What is Linguistics?

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

Definition Design features Origin Functions

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

“Language is a purely human and noninstinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.”

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

Language is “the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols.”

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

“From now on I will consider language to be a set of (finite or infinite) sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements.”

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

当它作用于人与人之间的关系的时候,它是 表达相互反应的中介; 当它作用于人与客观世界的关系的时候,它 是认知事物的工具; 当它作用于文化的时候,它是文化的载体.

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

Systematic — rule-governed, elements in it are arranged according to certain rules; can’t be combined at will. e.g. *bkli, *Been he wounded has.

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

Arbitrary — no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes, e.g. “pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with.

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

Symbolic — words are associated with objects, actions ideas by convention. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” — Shakespeare

新编简明英语语言学教程 A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English 戴炜栋 何兆熊 第一章 Chapter1 Introduction

Vocal — the primary medium is sound for all languages; writing system came much later than spoken form.