2015届高考英语二轮复习课件：专题25-科普知识型阅读理解(43页)

2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专 题 导 读 真 题 典 例 新 题 预 测

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读 理解

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解专 题 导 读

科普类文章主要包括自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和 医疗卫生类，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变 化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨、 逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有细节理解题、词义猜 测题、推理判断题以及主旨大意题等，其中推理判断题居 多。 从词汇角度来看，在科普类文章中，词汇的意义比 较专一、稳定、简明、不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确 性的特点。从语法和句子结构方面看，句子结构较复杂， 长难句较多，语法分析较困难。文章中常用被动语态、定 语从句等。

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解专 题 导 读

科普文常用的修辞手段有：(1)下定义。有时为了突出 事物的主要内容或主要问题，往往用简明扼要的话给对象 一个说法，使读者对被说明的对象有明确的概念。(2)举事 例。举出有代表性的恰当的例子，能够反映一般的情况， 真切地说明事物特征。(3)做比较。选择有外部或内部联系 的事物进行比较，往往能增强说明事物的效果。(4)打比方 。适当运用比喻，能够增强说明的形象性和生动性。科普 说明文在结构上常采用的写作方法有：(1)总分式。在说明 事物或事理时，段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系，表现为 由总到分、由分到总。

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解专 题 导 读

(2)承接式。各层之间按照事物的发展过程，或者按时 间、因果、条件等关系安排，前后相互承接。(3)递进式。 后边在前边的基础上进一步说明，各层之间的关系是由浅 入深。文章的命题除了遵循科普阅读的命题方式外，还经 常考查文章的篇章结构和修辞手法。

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解

真 题 典 例

[2014 北京卷] Choosing the right resolution(决定) Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight lose as a goal is a mistake.

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解

真 题 典 例

To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input(输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution:“I'll stop having dessert for lunch,” or “I'll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well­specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解

真 题 典 例

Recently a new science behind incentives(激励), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解

真 题 典 例

Fryer's conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam, aside from general rules like“study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a wellset task over which they have much more control.

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解

As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it's easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.真 题 典 例

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2015届高考英语二轮复习课件

专题二十五 科普知识型阅读理解

真 题 典 例

If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a wellspecified actionbased goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don't stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.

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