必修1unit 1 friendship grammar

Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫 ____________; 直接引语 间接引语 。 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________ 直接引语通常都用____________ 引号“ ”括起来， 宾语从句 。 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ___________

Direct

Speech

She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” She said, “I visited Europe last year.” She said, “I have never met an American.” She said, “I will see you next week.”

IndirectShe said she liked singing.

Speech

She said she was waiting for a bus.She said she had visited Europe the year before. She said she had never met an American. She said she would see me the next week.

SUMMARY直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引 语时用连词 that 引导宾语从句 . 从句 中的人称 , 时态 , 指示代词 , 时间状语 , 地点状语等相应变化.

直接引语 一般现在时

间接引语 一般过去时

现在进行时一般过去时

过去进行时过去完成时

现在完成时一般将来时

过去完成时过去将来时

The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.

注: 直接引语若是客观真理,变为间接引语时, 时态不变.

直接引语

间接引语that,those that day then, that week the day before the week before four days before two days before the next day/ the following day the next month/ the following month there go, take

指示代词

this,

these

时 间 状 语

now, today this week yesterday last week four days ago the day before yesterday tomorrow next month

地点状语 方向性动词

here come, bring

Direct

Speech

She asked, “Have you seen the film?” He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?” She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?” He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

Indirect

Speech

She asked me whether\if I had seen the film. He asks John if\whether he is a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off.

He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

SUMMARY直接引语是一般疑问句 , 变为间接引语时 , 用连词 if 或 whether连接。 直接引语是特殊疑问句 , 变为间接引语时 , 仍用原来的 疑问词作连词来引导。

解题步骤: 1.陈述句:“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers. said she didn’t

Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

2.一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?

( They asked him )It is easy to improve the condition of the soil. They asked him

if

it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. is was

asked

They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him )

you harvest the wheatThey asked him When you harvest the wheat

. he

harvested They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

Tod said, “ There isn’t any trouble and I’m waiting for my change (零钱)”Tod said (that) there wasn’t any trouble and that he was waiting for his change. ! 注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列 时,仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略.