农村水污染成因及其治理对策研究(2)

西青区管理处绿化已经完成,不再重复设计。大港区管理处占地0111hm2,绿化面积0104hm2,拟进行小区绿化,以改善生态环境和生活环境,形成优美景观。树种选择具有观赏性的小叶柏和法国梧桐;管理处空地种植草坪,草种选择野牛草。野牛草绿色期达185～195d/a,且耐旱、耐寒、耐践踏、耐盐碱。

绿化苗木的要求较高。法国梧桐要求茎干通直圆满,枝条茁壮,组织充实,植株健壮,无病虫害症状及机械损伤;小叶柏要求具有完整健壮的顶芽,枝叶茂密。种植以春季为主,对购回的苗木需及时栽种。

种植后应注意树木的培土、扶正、松土、除草、浇水,防止动物啃食,以及防治病虫害,此后按照园林绿化管理工作规程运行。草坪整地需全面翻耕,深度为20cm。草籽播种采用条播,条距30cm,播深1～2cm,播种量1g/m2。

4　水土保持投资概算及社会效益分析

水土保持投资共计26190156万元,其中,工程措施25819116万元,生物措施34611万元,水土保持设施补偿费2513万元。

水土保持方案逐年实施后,有明显的生态效益和社会效益。控制新增水土流失量可达90%以上,堤防安全得到保证,林草覆盖率由原来的30%提高到85%,生态环境得到改善,既绿化美化了环境,又为发展旅游资源、改善投资环境打下了基础。

5　结　语

根据《中华人民共和国水土保持法》的要求,水利工程建设项目要编制水土保持方案,初步设计阶段编制水土保持初步设计。这项工作刚刚起步,任重而道远,每一项工程都有各自的特殊性。独流减河左堤治理工程水土保持措施设计是一个探索,仍需在今后的设计、施工等实践中不断总结和完善。

(收稿日期:2001Ο01Ο02　编辑:胡新宇)

农村水污染成因及其治理对策研究

CausesofWaterPollutionofTaiziheRiverinAbstract:BasedonthecharacteristicsoftopographyandlandformoftheChaohuRiverBasinandthepresentsituation,sedimentdepositionintheChaohuLakebeforeandafterlargescalehydroprojectsconstructionisanalyzed.Theresultsshowthattheconstructionofhydroprojectsinthebasinhasasignificanteffectonthedecreaseofsedimentdeposition.

Keywords:hydroproject;floodbackflush;ChaohuLake;reservoirsiltation;siltationrate

GroundwaterEnvironmentinNorthAreasofAnhui/WUShi

(BureauofAnhui,China)

LiaoningProvinceandCountermeasures/YANGYong2jie(LiaoningScientificResearchInstituteofWater

ConservancyandHydropower,Shenyang110003,China)

Abstract:Acomparativeanalysisisperformedof10years’(1991～2000)variationofthechannelwaterqualityofthemainsectionsoftheTaiziheRiverduringhigh2waterperiodsanddroughtperiods.Theresultsshowthatthewaterqualityoftheriverbasinhasdeclined,thatthemainpollutantsareCODMn,BOD5,NH32N,volatilephenol,andsoon,andthatlargeamountsofindustrialwastewateranddomesticsewagedischargedintotherivercausesthedeteriorationofwaterenvironmentintheriverbasin.Finally,somecountermeasuresareproposedpreventionofwaterpollution,suchasimofwaterresourcesmanagementresources,aandestimationindexwaterresources,developmentofurbanwastewatersystems,anddevelopmentofareal2timemonitoringandoptimalallocationsystemforwaterresources.

Keywords:waterpollution;waterqualityassessment;pollutantdischarge;LiaoningProvince;TaiziheRiverCauses

of

Rural

Water

Pollution

and

isgiventothepresentsituationgroundwaterenvironmentqualityinnorthareasofAnhuiProvince,andthewaterenvironmentqualityisevaluated.ItisconsideredthatthehardnessofshallowgroundwaterandthecontentsofnitriteandnitrogeninitarefarabovethepermissiblevaluesinnorthareasofAnhuiProvinceandperipheralregions.Besides,thepollutionsourcesareanalyzedanddetermined,andthecausesofpollutionare

discussed.

Finally,

some

countermeasuresforpollutioncontrolareproposed.Keywords:waterenvironmentquality;groundwaterpollution;waterqualityassessment;pollutionsourcesEvaluationofWaterQuality2InducedWaterShortageaboveBengbuSluiceonHuaiheRiverfor2001/TAOYue2zan(GeneralHydrologicalServiceofAnhuiProvince,

Hefei230022,China)

CountermeasuresforRemediation/ZHULiang,etal

(CollegeofWaterResourcesandEnvironment,HohaiUniv.,Nanjing210098,China)

Abstract:Inviewofthepresentsituationofwaterpollution,suchasseriouswaterandsoillosses,deteriorationofecologicalenvironment,seriousarea2sourcepollution,andsoon,andinconsiderationofdifficultiesincollectionandcontrolofpollutantsandinapplicationofadvancedtechnology,somecountermeasuresforwaterpollutionremediationareproposed,suchasdevelopmenttechnology,

of

non2harmful

of

wastewaterecological

treatmentagriculture

strengthening

Abstract:Theevaluationofwaterquality2inducedwatershortageabovetheBengbuSluiceontheHuaiheRiverfor2001showsthatthewatershortagehas4characteristics,i.e.differentdegreesofshortagefordifferentconsumers,differentdegreesfordifferentregions,invariabilitywithtime,un2adjustabilitybetweenusers.Itisalsoproposedthatinevaluationtherelationshipbetweenwaterdemandandsupplyandthedegreeofharmshouldbetakenintoaccount.

Keywords:waterquality2inducedwatershortage;regionbased2difference;harmdegree;mainstreamoftheHuaiheRiver;BengbuSluice;waterdemandandsupplyAnalysisandAssessmentofJiong2yi

(QuanzhouBranchof

construction,reformofagriculturaloperationmodes,andstrengtheningofresearchofartificialandnaturalbiologicaltreatmenttechnology.

Keywords:waterpollution;ruralwaterresources;ecologicaltreatment;waterandsoilloss

EffectofHydroProjectsonDecreaseofDepositioninChaohuLake/DENGYing2chun(WaterEnvironment

MonitoringCenterofAnhuiProvince,China)

Hefei230022,

Water

Water

Qualityfor

Environment

JinjiangSectionoftheNinety2NinthStream/CAI

MonitoringCenterofFujianProvince,Quanzhou362000,