建立与经济社会发展和人口老龄化水平相适应的养老保障制度(2)

目前，全国享受“五保”供养的老年人达460多万人。对执行计划生育政策的农村独生子女或两女户夫妇，在年满60周岁以后，由中央或地方财政安排专项资金，实施计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度。2005年底，享受该奖励扶助的人群达到135万人。

中国政府重视城镇化过程中被征地农民的养老问题，确保被征地农民基本生活和长远生计，逐步将被征地农民纳入社会保障体系。目前已有15个省（自治区、直辖市）出台了被征地农民社会保障办法，约600万人被纳入社会保障范围，筹集资金约500亿元人民币。

At present, more than 4.6 million elderly people across the country are benefiting from this government policy. For rural couples who have followed the state family planning policy and given birth to only one child (or two daughters), when they turn 60 they receive a bonus from a special fund made available by the central and local governments. By the end of 2005, some 1.35 million people had received such a bonus.

The Chinese government pays attention to taking care of elderly farmers whose land has been requisitioned in the process of urbanization. By gradually including those farmers in the social security system, the government makes sure that their basic livelihood is permanently guaranteed. So far, 15 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have drawn up social security policies regarding farmers whose land has been requisitioned. About six million farmers are now covered by social security schemes, and some 50 billion yuan has been raised for this purpose.

建立贫困老年人救助制度

中国政府把缓解和消除老年贫困纳入国家反贫困战略和老龄事业发展规划。国家建立城市居民最低生活保障制度，对人均收入低于当地最低生活保障标准的家庭按标准给予补助。

Establishing Aid System for Impoverished Elderly People

The Chinese government has included the alleviation and elimination of poverty among elderly people in its anti-poverty strategy and the plan for the development of undertakings for the aged. The state has established a system that guarantees a minimum standard of living for urban residents. Families with per-capita income lower than what is needed to ensure the minimum standard of living in their area are entitled to a special allowance according to the standard.

2005年，包括贫困老年人在内的2233万城市贫困人口领取了最低生活保障金，基本实现应保尽保。在农村，国家实施特困户定期定量救助和临时性生活救助制度，在有条件的地区积极探索建立农村最低生活保障制度。

In 2005, some 22.33 million impoverished urban residents (including impoverished elderly people) received such allowances, including almost all the people eligible for receiving the minimum living allowance. In the rural areas, the state practices an aid system by which families in most straitened circumstances receive a fixed amount of aid regularly or other livelihood assistance when the need arises. In regions where conditions are appropriate, the state is actively probing the establishment of a system that guarantees the minimum standard of living for rural residents.

目前已有865万农村人口被纳入农村特困户定期定量救助，985万农村人口被纳入农村最低生活保障，其中包括不符合“五保”条件的贫困老年人。国家

鼓励有条件的地方建立养老基地，发放养老补贴和高龄津贴，积极改善老年人的生活。

地方政府积极组织实施开发式扶贫，扶持低龄、健康、有劳动能力的贫困老年人从事种植、养殖和加工等项目，增强贫困老年人的生产自助能力。积极发挥社会力量在老年贫困救助中的作用，推动各地老年基金会等社会团体、企事业单位和个人开展慈善救助和社会互助，创造结对帮扶、认养助养、志愿服务、走访慰问等多种救助形式，普遍为贫困老年人提供多样化扶助。 At present, 8.65 million rural residents have been designated as people in the most serious financial difficulties, and they receive fixed aid from the government regularly. Some 9.85 million rural residents are entitled to receive the minimum living allowance, including poor elderly people who do not meet the requirements of the "five guarantees" system. The state encourages areas with adequate capacity to build homes for the aged, grant old-age subsidies and, for those over the age of 80, a special allowance in order to improve the lives of elderly people.

Meanwhile, local governments are actively organizing "helping the poor through

production" schemes. They are doing their best to help poor people in their 60s who are generally healthy and strong enough to work to engage in farming, aquaculture and processing business, so that they can support themselves. China should give full play to the role of all social sectors in helping poor elderly people, encouraging NGOs like the old-age foundations to be found all over the country, as well as enterprises, public institutions and individuals to provide charitable and other assistance.

Various other forms of assistance are officially encouraged, such as pairing up between a well-off family and a poor elderly person so that the former may give more help to the latter, making commitments to support poor elderly people, doing volunteer work for them or paying visits to convey greetings to them. Therefore, various types of assistance are provided to the poor elderly people.