高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附练习答案)

2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略

高考考情分析解读：

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：

(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)

(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)

(3)What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)

常见的命题形式有：

The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．

Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?

The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．

What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?

本学案结构：

1

代词指代猜测题目

句子猜测句意题目

附：典故谚语知识储备

单词或短语意思猜测题

该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。

作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等等。利用同义解释猜词

同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。

1).Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

2).It will be very hard but very brittle— that is , it will break easily.

3). This was a very domesticated bird that needed help or it would not survive.

A.Having been abandoned

B.Having been used to home life

C.Having been used to life in the wild

D.Having been weak and hungry

4). He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.

5). She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French equally well.

6). Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.

7). The schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the

2

England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.

?The underlined word “reluctant” may probably mean_______.

A.kind

B. unwilling

C. free

D. careless

同义词（近义词）

在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。并列关系(同义关系）提示词：and, also, as … as, the same as利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

例如.

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips- of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.

题目.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?

A. provider

B. delivery man

C. collector

D. medical doctor

9).Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him.

10).Mark Twain was not the author’s real name; it was a pseudonym.

11).The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

12).If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.

13).Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also

regard drinking as harmful.

英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。根据构词法猜测词义英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。

根据词根、前缀、后缀、复合、派生等猜测词义。

super- inter- mini- micro- -some anti- co-

post- pre- -ship

pro- 表示“往前”

progress ['pr?ugres] n./v. 进步promote v.增进，促进，提高

pre- 提前，领先

predict vt. 预测prevent vt. 预防；妨碍preview n./v. 预览；预习

3

prevent

记：预先pre 走掉（-vent，似went）是预防

Timely repetition will prevent you from forgetting words.

及时重复才能预防忘记单词。timely adv. 及时地repetition n. 重复

per “每个，都，一直”

person n. 人percent n. 百分比

persist v. 坚持persuade [p?'sweid]vt.说服，劝服

记：一直（per）碎碎（sua）念就可以说服

re-表示“再次，重复，往回，”

repeat n./v. 重复rewrite v. 重写，改写

recall v.回想，记起；召回recover v. 重新获得，恢复

report n./v 报告

表示“往上”的前缀up-和in- “向下”的前缀de

grade n. 等级，级别，成绩

upgrade ___________ degrade ______________

increase n./v 上升增加decrease n./v 减少，减小

in-除了表示“往上”，更重要的意思是“往里”。和它音近的im-，en-，em- 都是“往里”的含义

inside a.里面的

import vt. 进口

记：port港口，进到（im-）港口来，叫进口

invite v. 邀请

ink n. 墨水

in-是“往里”，那想想“往外”怎么说？

往外ex-，e-

export v./n 出口expand v. 扩张exit v. 出口['eksit] experience n. 经 …… 此处隐藏：11044字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……