globalization 泛读教程 Unit 3

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

GlobalizationBy: 汪苗苗 吴晓璐 祝苗

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Definition

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture.

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

HISTORYArchaic GlobalizationEarly Modern Globalization

Modern Globalization

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Archaic Globalization

Time:Conventionally referring to globalizing

events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly the 1600s.

Eastern Origins: Without the traditional ideasfrom the East, Western globalization would not have emerged the way it did.

Silk Road: opening long-distance, political and economicinteractions between the civilizations,carrying out cultural trade among the civilizations along its network.

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Silk Road

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Early Modern Globalization

Time:Covering a period of the history of

globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800.

Trade arrangements :The shift of hegemony to

Western Europe, the rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations.Early modern trade and communications involved a vast group including European, Muslim, Indian, Southeast Asian and Chinese merchants, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Native New World crops exchanged globally: Maize, tomato, potato, vanilla(香 草), rubber, cacao, tobacco

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Modern GlobalizationTime: 19th century~ Industrial Revolution.:Globalization approachedits modern form as a direct result of the industrial revolution.

Organizations:After the Second World War,thefounding of several international institutions intended to facilitate economic growth multiple rounds of trade opening simplified and lowered trade barriers,such as GATT,WTO.

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

19th century Great Britain was an early global superpower.

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Organizations

GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

01CONTENTS

CulturalGlobalization

02

PoliticalGlobalization

03

EconomicGlobalization

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Cultural Globalization

Hybridization? Homogenization? Conflict intensification?

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Some Comments"Cultural globalization is involving human integration and hybridization, arguing that it is possible to detect cultural mixing across continents and regions going back many centuries" "The process by which local cultures are transformed or absorbed by a dominant outside culture." "The central problem of today's global interaction [is] the tension between cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization." "The differences in culture sharpened by this very process of cultural globalization will be a source of conflict."

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

About Modernity

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

Modernity For Marx(马克思), what was the basis of modernity was the emergence of capitalism and the revolutionary bourgeoisie. Émile Durkheim (爱米尔· 涂尔干)mphasizes far less the rising of the bourgeoisie as a new revolutionary class and very seldom refers to capitalism as the new mode of production implemented by it. In the work of Max Weber(马克斯· 韦伯), modernity is closely associated w

ith the processes of rationalization and disenchantment of the world.

新版泛读教程4 unit 3 背景知识

"Alternative Modernities"Shmuel Eisenstadt( 艾森思塔特)Introducedthe concept of "multiple modernities" . Modernity as a "plural condition" is the central concept of this sociologic approach and perspective, which broadens the definition of "modernity" from exclusively denoting Western European culture to a culturally relativistic definition, thereby: "Modernity is not Westernization, and its key processes and dynamics can be found in all societies"

"Diversity is going to be a fundamental part of our lives.That 's what it's going to mean to modern." ———TEXT.