The Government of the United Kingdom

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Unit 3

The Government Of The United Kingdom外国语学院 李岩

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I. Brief History of English Government

one hundred families or one hundred hides 海得(旧土地单位)

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The Monarchy

The oldest institution of government Dates back to the Saxons

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King Egbert Queen Elizabeth II

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Doctrine of “pine right of kings”: the

Divine Right of Kings

sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects Legitimate heirs to the throne as a hereditary king or queen to be the head of the state While the king had god in his side, he should not exercise absolute power.

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Heir to the throne, Prince Charles

The King in waiting and his brother Harry

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The conflicts in the monarchy

Battles between different claimedlegitimate heirs for the throne

The conflict between the autocratic

king and other powerful groups like the church and feudal barons

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Magna Carta 1215

King John A charter of liberty and political rights given by the king to the feudal barons Place limits on the king’s ability to abuse royal power Key expression of the rights of citizensagainst the crown

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King John recognized it as

Magna Carta 1215

a right of his subjects ―to have common council of the kingdom‖ for the assessment of extraordinary aids— taxation, crafting law, milt conscription

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The Parliament

―to parley‖ (1236) The Great Council

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The House of Lords

A gathering of leading, wealthy barons whichmet several times a year, to give the king some extra money.

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The House of Commons

Henry IV (1407): all money grants should be

considered and approved by the commons before being considered by the Lords 15th century--- law-making powers

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Parliamentarians (Roundheads) vs Royalists (Cavaliers) The 1st (1642–46) and 2nd (1648–49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I. The third war (1649–51) saw fighting betweenled by Cromwell

The English Civil War (1642–1651)

supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.

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Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

An English

military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. From 1649-1660 England had no King.

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Bill of Rights 1689

William of Orange

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Bill of Rights 1689

governing without parliamentary consent is illegal; parliament cannot be ignored in the rule of the nation It marked the beginning of the BritishConstitutional Monarchy.