语言学第七章课件 隐喻 语言 文化

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

7.1 Language and Culture

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

Content 7.11 H ow does Language Relate to Culture ? 7.12 More about the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 7.13 Case Studies 7.14 To Which Extent Do We Need Culture in Our linguistic Study? 7.15 Culture in Language Teaching Classroom

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

Language and cultureFrom a linguistist/sociologist's standpoint, language and culture are often, but not necessarily, related. Language is a system for expressing ideas, so anyone inventing a language (or, attempting to add to an existing one), must naturally have some idea to express.

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

However, language does not define a culture. All cultures have at least one language for communication between the culture's members, but a culture can have several languages, which may be different in their ability to express given ideas.早上好 Good morning Bonjour おはよう

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

Language is an indispensable carrier of culture. Culture finds a better representation through language use.1、Functional school or London school Bronislaw Malinowsi John P. Firth

2、linguists from the North AmericanFranz Boas Edward Sapir Benjamin Lee Whorf

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

Bronis aw Kasper Malinowski (7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish anthropologist, widely considered one of the most important 20th-century anthropologists, and also influential in structural functionalist sociology. His pioneering ethnographic fieldwork made a major contribution to the study of Melanesia and of phenomena relating to reciprocity.

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

Bronislaw Malinowsi : in primitive uses language functions as a link in concerted human activity He observed that the meaning of a word greatly depended upon its real language situation in life ―wood‖ solid substance of a tree a canoe

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

John P. Firth : Context of SituationA. The relevant features of the participants , persons, personalities: The verbal action of the participants The non-verbal action of the participants B. The relevant objects C. The effects of the verbal action

Firth emphasized the creativity and persity of linguistic idiosyncrasy in language use

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

The three features of the context of situation THE FIELD OF DISCOURSE : Refers to what is happening, to the nature of the social action that is taking place. THE TENOR OF DISCOURSE : Refers to who is taking part, to the nature of the participants, their statuses and roles. THE MODE OF DISCOURSE : Refers to what part the language is playing, what is that the participants are expecting the language to do for them in that situation.

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

For instance, the native people of Alaska have more than twenty words for snow. There can be serious consequences if one uses the wrong word in that certain words indicate how safe it is to travel under these snow conditions.

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

In one of the Pacific Island tribes, their counting system consisted of one, two and many. More than two items were many. Therefore they did not have the concept of "a dozen eggs." In some cultures they do not have words for certain emotions--such as love, fear, hate, etc. Thus in a c

ulture that does not have the word fear, they would not build a theme park because the members of the culture would not experience the thrill of being "frightened" by the experience.

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

The substantial contributions of North American linguists北美语言学家在语言和文化关系方面的实质性 贡献 In fact , when we talk about a cultural study of language in America , we’ll soon realize the fact that the American Indian culture formed an extremely fruitful source for early American anthropologists to look at this subject matter .

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

From the 1920s to the 1940s , when engaged in a demanding but significant task—the reconstruction of American Native languages , anthropologists such as Boas (鲍厄 斯), Sapir (萨丕), and Whorf (沃尔 夫)came to know the significance of culture in the study of language use .

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

For instance , from their field work , a lot of language data had been documented , providing much firsthand evidence to show how the interpersonal relationship is related to linguistic forms chosen by these American Indians in their daily communication. 这些记录为显示美洲印第安人在日常交际中选择 的语言形式是怎么样跟人际关系相联系提供了大 量的第一手证据。

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

This anthropological approach to the study of language and culture laid a firm foundation in the history of linguistic development . The potential impact of this tradition can still be felt when we talk about the Ethnography Of Communication(交际民族学) , an authoritative research framework of our time in a linguistic study of social and cultural factors. 交际民族学在语言文化的研究中，具有重要 的地位和影响。

语言学 隐喻 个案研究 语言与文化 中西语言文化对比

The essential elements suggested by this framework include 1)speech community 言语社团 赫德森将变体定义为“具有相同的社会分布的一组语言项 目”,简单理解就是说由具备相同社会特征的人在相同的社 会环境中所普遍使用的某种语言表现形式。 “语言变体”是一个内 …… 此处隐藏：3428字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……