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江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总

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导读: 江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总(根据2012江苏省英语考试说明编写) 江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点: 冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总(根据2012江苏省英语考试说明编写)

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总

一、冠词The Article

知识要点:

冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。

一、不定冠词的用法

1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.

2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.

A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。

3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:

I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

4、用于某些固定词组中。如:

a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。

5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:

This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。

It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。

It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。

二、定冠词的用法:

1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:

Beijing is the capital of China.

The pen on the desk is mine.

2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:

Where is the teacher?

Open the window, please.

3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:

There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

The baby was thin.

4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:

the earth, the moon, the sun.

5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:

He is always the first to come to school.

Bob is the tallest in his class.

6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:

the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。

7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:

on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。

8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:

the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas

9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:

the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。

10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:

The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:

the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:

The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).

三、零冠词(即不用冠词):

1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:

China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:

Go down this street.

3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:

We are students.

I like reading stories.

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总(根据2012江苏省英语考试说明编写)

4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:

Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

Today is New Year’s Day.

It is Sunday.

March 8 is Women’s Day.

5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:

What’s the matter, Granny?

We elected him monitor.

6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:

at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:

She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

We are going to play football.

We usually have lunch at school.

8、科目前不加。如:

We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.

二、名词Nouns

知识要点:

一、名词的种类:

1、专有名词:

1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)

2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)

2、普通名词: 物质名词:water,rice,oil,paper 1)不可数名词 抽象名词:health,trouble,work,pleasure,honor 注意: 不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如:have a wonderful time.

不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形 式。

如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows

| | | |

各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪

有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times时代,works著作,difficulties困难 在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如:

a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper .

2)可数名词:

可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A birdcaufly.

The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.

Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.

有复数形式:

a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略)

b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),

woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),

phenomenon(phenomena)

注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼) 。如,

a sheep, two sheep

d)只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,

e)形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.

f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等

g)集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作 为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如:

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