英语专业写作中常用的单词和短语(分类整理的)

按类型整理的大学专业英语写作常出现的单词和短语

Words & Phrases Often Used in Describe Chronological Relations(按时间顺序关系) Now, nowadays

When , before , after , while , during Between……and In ….(year ), Since … From then on Later , afterwards , earlier , formerly in the 1900s ,etc

After an interval soon(过了一段时间后) Previous,(adj. 先前的；以前的；过早的； (时间上)稍前的) prior to 在…之前 First , second ,etc To begin with Next ,then ,subsequently(其后，随后，接着) , In the first /second place ,etc In conclusion Thereupon finally thereafter lastly in the end (somewhat ) later previously ,

Presently ,eventually ,afterwards ,at last At the turn of the century /decade etc (在世纪/年代之交) In the first half of the century ,etc At birth , in childhood , in infancy (在婴儿期) , In adolescence , as an adult ,

按类型整理的大学专业英语写作常出现的单词和短语

in adulthood ,

in old age ,

at death simultaneous with(同时) in the mean time(同时) at the

Simultaneously(adv. 同时地；一壁；齐；一齐) same time as , the former , the latter ,

Words & Phrases Often Used in Writing Process Description(写作过程的描述) First until As soon as then lastly once as at this point next before after while when

at the same time

Words & Phrases Often Used for Describing Spatial Relationship(描述空间关系)

Where In which ,to which , from which ,etc Under inside Along North To the left On the left At the back Here below beside through northern beneath etc as far as ,etc south southern ,etc to the south ,etc down over above up on the top of

to the right on the right ,etc in front

in the middle ,etc beyond further ,etc

in the distance

按类型整理的大学专业英语写作常出现的单词和短语

Next to

close to

near to parallel rectangle (长方形，矩形) parallel to semicircle (半圆形) slope (倾斜；有斜度) space opposite to surface

Adjacent to(与…毗连的)

Corresponding to(相当于…与…相一致) Distance Midpoint Interior (内部的) Diagonal ( 对 角 线 的 ； 斜 线 的 ) vertical Edge 的；地平线的) Limit pyramid

perpendicular to (垂直于) plane

overlapping ( 物 体 ) 部 份 重 叠 ； 交 叠

horizontal(水平的，卧式

exterior ( 外 面 的 ， 外 部 的 ， 外 表 上 的 ， 表 面 的 )

intersection(横断，横切；交叉，相交；交叉点) Words & Phrases Often Used for Making Generalization and Giving Specific Details (归 纳和给出具体细节) For example to substantiate to illustrate (举例) in one instance in other words let me illustrate generally speaking in this instance (在这种情况下) as an example as follows in one instance take an example according to statistics in substantiation(证明) for one thing for instance in practice

as an illustration(作为一个例子)

let me cite as proof (让我举出证据) according to statistical evidence

on the whole (大体上， 基本上)

按类型整理的大学专业英语写作常出现的单词和短语

Words & Phrases Often Used in Making Comparison and Contrast(

比较和对比)

To compare: similar to as likewise correspond to almost the same as as….as in the same way common characteristics ,etc similarly like ,alike both at the same time as in like manner to have ….in common correspondingly(相对地，比照地) resemble ( 与 … 相 像 ， 类 似 于 )

to be parallel in ( 是 平 行 的 ) equally important resemblance(相似，形似) To contrast : unlike whereas still then …there otherwise although not only …but also here …there differ from in contrast to on the contrary this …that on the opposite side despite, in spite of while however

accordingly

different from in opposition to on the other hand some ….others less/more /faster …than years ago ….today the former ….the latter

nevertheless once ….now but even so

the first ….whereas the second on the one hand …on the other

Words & Phrases Often Used for Discussing Cause and Effect

按类型整理的大学专业英语写作常出现的单词和短语

so thus hence since owe …to owing to out of thanks to so that seeing that for fear that such …that so as to make …possible therefore accordingly

result in as a result in the result of have a effect on it follows that as so that so …that now that the cause of for this reason then reason for consequently the consequence of make it possible /impossible for …to …

Words & Phrases Often Used for Classification(分类)

classify pisions different /differences

classifications similar /similarities opposite /opposing

pide dissimilar /dissimilarities

kinds

aspects

attributes

types

factors

按类型整理的大学专业英语写作常出现的单词和短语

characteristics regions

classes categories

sources

qualities

parts

times /eras(纪元，年代)

according to …

fall into …categories

with respect to …(关于， (至于)谈到) can be pided into …kinds /types /classes/parts

Words & Phrases Often Used for Definition

to define in other words in clarification

to explain by …is meant

to definition to clarify

in explanation to paraphrase

device condition

method category

type

property(特性，属性)

kind

attribute(认为…是；把…归于)