英语现在和过去完成时(3)

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谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如：It is the first time that I have been here.

have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法

1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。 可与just, ever, never等连用。如：

I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如： I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ —He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。

过去完成时

过去完成时(past perfect)表示在发生在过去的两个动作在前的那一个，它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构

主语+had+过去分词

1、与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。

例如：by then, by\\ before nine o’clock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age

of twenty, by the time I arrived …

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2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后

用一般过去时。例如：When I returned home, my guest had already left.

I did not see the film because I had seen it before.

3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said (that) she had never been to Paris. He asked what I had said.

现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：

现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。

1. 单项选择

1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?

A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years.

A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already

A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen

7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.

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A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.

A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.

A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football. A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/ 15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left

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