大学英语3--期末考试题--阅读题题库急加DA-AN!(11)

The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some nature supporters to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists “in contrast\ say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

16. What are social scientists interested in according to this passage? A) Why people have certain personalities and behaviors. √

B) Why there is a controversy between nature and nurture theories.

C) Who are more intelligent and cooperative than others. D) What are the differences between nature and nurture

theories. 答案：A

17. According to the supporters of the nature side, our personalities and behavior patterns are mainly determined by ____________.

B) experience and

A) physical development

knowledge C) biological strength √ 答案：C

D) environmental influence

18. Which of the following is not true about the explanation of intelligence according to the passage?

A) The nurture theory believes that we can improve our intelligence by learning in an environment full of stimuli.

B) The nature theory believes that intelligence is the product of our experiences. √

C) The nature theory believes that intelligence is biologically determined.

D) The nurture theory believes that intelligence comes

mainly from experience. 答案：B

19. What is the purpose of using the example of American blacks in the passage?

A) To show the profound impact brought about by the two theories. √

B) To show the significance of American blacks for academic research.

C) To show that education is important in improving the condition of American blacks.

D) To show that American blacks are biologically inferior to whites. 答案：A

20. What is the author’s attitude toward the two theories in the passage? A) The author seems to think that the nature theory is more believable.

B) The author seems to say no to both theories. C) The author seems to think that the nurture theory is more reasonable.

D) The author seems to hold a neutral standpoint. √ 答案：D

The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.

The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.

All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete