跨文化交际英语教程答案

Unit 1

Communication Across Cultures

Warm Up Questions

1. Why is it difficult to explain to a blind person what colors are?

2. Do you sometimes find it hard to make yourself properly understood by others? If you do, why do you think it is hard? It is very difficult for people to understand one another if they do not share the same

experiences. Of course, we all share the experience of being human, but there are many experiences which we do not share and which are different for all of us. It is these different experiences that make up what is called ―culture‖ in the social sciences － the habits of everyday life, the cues to which people respond, the automatic reactions they have to whatever they see and hear. These often differ, and the differences may introduce misunderstandings where we seek understanding.

Reading I

Intercultural Communication：An Introduction

Comprehension questions

1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world?

This is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants.

2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past?

Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history.

3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?

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New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.

4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”?

Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.

5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?

The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state). 6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?

The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world. 7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?

Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.

8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?

People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.

9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?

A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.

Discovering Problems: Slim Is Beautiful?

Questions for discussion

Which do you think is the mark of beauty, thin or fat? Why is it often said that beauty is in the eye of beholder?

One sociologist once said that with the greater influence of American culture across the world, the standard of a beauty is becoming more and more Hollywood-like, characterized by a chiseled chin and a tall, slim figure. One can see such beautiful images in almost any American movie. We Chinese also share the notion that the standard idea of beauty includes being tall, thin, and light skinned. It seems that with the process of globalization, eastern and western beauties look more and more alike.

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But we have to remember that the definition of beauty differs from culture to culture. For example, Hispanic standards of female beauty are to have big hips, a moderate tan, and a short height. As is described in the article, in southeastern Nigeria, Coca-Cola-bottle voluptuousness is celebrated and ample backsides and bosoms are considered ideals of female beauty.

What‘s more, the ideal standard of beauty varies from time to time. For instance, during times of famine, the ideal standard of beauty for women is a much larger body size. Larger size and more body fat may reflect one‘s status; for it suggests that the person is well fed and healthy. Thinness then would reflect malnutrition. However, during times of plenty, plumpness is not a reflection of status. People may easily associate fatness with hypertension, heart disease or other potential diseases. Likewise, during eras in which lower-class labors had to toil predominantly outside for hours a day, tanned skin was an indication of lower status, and therefore the ideal standard of female beauty was very pale skin; women during those times actually used a lot of white powdered

cosmetics to exaggerate the paleness of their skin. Now, however, tan is a reflection of having more leisure time spent on seashores instead of working in an office all the time, and therefore it may suggest higher status, so women strive for darker skin tones.

It is true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder because people of different cultures …… 此处隐藏：7717字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……