高级英语复习指导(11)

1. His son fell into ignominy because of his betrayal， whereas his daughter gained fame because of her heroism in defying the enemy. Ignominy：无耻行为， 堕落行为，——fame：名声， 声望， 名气

2. Most dentists‘ offices are drab places， but Emilio‘s new office is a bright cheerful place.

Drab：单调， 乏味， 无生气——bright：明亮的， 辉煌的， 欢快的 Explanation

1. It‘s just one more incredible result of the development of

micro-processors——those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as silicon chip. Micro-processors = tiny parts of a computer = silicon chip： 硅片

2. Mary felt perturbed； that is， she was greatly disturbed by her sister‘s actions.

Perturbed = disturbed：使心烦意乱；扰乱；使混乱

3. The floors were washed， the furniture oiled and polished， and the curtains freshly laundered； the whole house was in immaculate condition for the holidays. Immaculate（。完美的） condition——the summary of the above

4. Henry field displayed his versatility in many ways： he was not only a novelist， he was also a dramatist， an essayist， and a political pamphleteer； he managed a theater and edited four newspapers； he was a learned authority on the law， an exceptionally able and efficient magistrate. Versatility：多功能性——many different skills Context and situation

1. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou‘westers， the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.

Sou‘wester ：一种后沿较宽可护颈之防水帽= southwester = long raincoat 2. Mozart gave his first public recital at the age of six. By the age of thirteen he had written symphonies and an operetta. He is justly called a child prodigy. Prodigy：天才（特指神童） = gifted child

3. We‘ve discovered that there are two main types of human beings： “racehorses”， who thrive on stress and are happy only with a vigorous， fast-paced life-style， and “turtles”， who require peace， quiet and a generally tranquil environment.

Racehorse： 赛马型的人 Turtles： 海龟型的人 例如2001年的考题：

Read the following passage carefully and translate the following sentences The Birth of Computing： The Forgotten Father Figure

1） It seems curious that Charles Babbage is remembered today as the grandfather of computing， for Babbage never completed a single one of his clunky mechanical calculating machines， and his work was largely forgotten after his death in 1871. It was only with the construction of the first electronic computers in the 1940s， by people who were unaware of Babbage‘s work， that the groundbreaking nature of that work became apparent. Had Babbage never lived， in other words， the rise of the computer would have happened anyway. That is because today’s computers owe their ancestry not to Babbage but to the work of another 19th-century pioneer， Hermann Hollerith.

2） In contrast to Babbage， who wanted to automate the business of mathematical calculation， Hollerith was interested the field of date processing. Babbage intended his elaborate“calculating engines”to be used by scientists， in much the same way that specialist supercomputers are today. The particular application he had in mind was the production of error-free mathematical and astronomical tables. Hollerith， on the other hand， made his name building machines to handle an enormous data-processing task： the analysis of the results of the United States‘ census. 3） When the first American census took place in 1790， tabulating the date it collected took nine months. As the country‘s population grew larger， however， and the number of questions asked in each census increased， a problem of delay gradually emerged. The results of the 1880 census took seven years to compile—making them out of date by the time they were published.

4） This was unsatisfactory because， for example， seats in the House of Representatives were （and are） assigned according to census data. It became apparent that a new way would have to be found to compile the results of the 1890 census， in order to keep up with rapid demographic changes. Indeed， without a new approach the 1900 census would already have been under way by the time the 1890 results became available.

5） Hollerith， a former employee of the Census Bureau， had the idea of building a tabulating machine. His first design， patented in 1884， used a long strip of paper into which holes were punched to represent information， The record for each person was to be punched across the strip， which would then be run through the machines. Electrical contacts made through the holes in the strip would drive electro-mechanical counters. In this way the number of records matching particular criteria could be counted.

6） Before long， Hollerith improved this scheme， by using combinations of holes to represent more complex pieces of information. At the same time， he switched from a paper strip to punched cards， By clever wiring of the tabulating machine， it was possible to count the number of cards with particular combinations of attributes. 7） Hollerith also invented a sorting machine， to facilitate the tabulation of subsets of the population. When a card was inserted into the tabulating machines， the counters would be updated accordingly， and the appropriate drawer in the sorting machine would open.

8） When it came to choosing a tabulating machine for the 1890 census， Hollerith‘s design was one of three contenders. The other two machines used colour-coded slips of paper and chips of wood to represent information. In a competition between them it took 72 hours to record all the data on to Hollerith’s punched cards， which was not vastly faster than the 144 hours and 100 hours taken by the other two machines.

9） The real advantage of Hollerith‘s system be …… 此处隐藏：4327字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……