全新版大学英语第四册综合教程单词详解(5)

有很大的影响。 11. what is called 所谓的

【例句】What is called foolproof methods always fail. 所谓不会有差错的办法总是失败。

12. At any given time 在任何特定的时间

【例句】At any given time, people have only limited experience. 在任何特定的时间，人只有有限的经验。

13. be poised to (do) 做好准备随时（做…）

【例句】She has been poised to undertake the ordeal. 她已做好准备接受这场严酷的考验。

14. call for sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

【例句】members have called for the manager to hand in his resignation as soon as possible. 学员们都要求经理早日递交辞呈。 15. take control of 控制

【例句】The British government took complete control of Hong Kong before 1997. 1997年之前英国政府完全控制香港。 16. in unison 一致地，和谐地

【例句】Despite our differences, we have acted in unison in our outside dealings. 尽管我们之间有分歧，但我们一致对外。 17. as well 也，又

【例句】Frustration tried a man and makes him as well. 挫折既考验人，也造就人。 三、 课文A易混词【扩展】

1. decrease / diminish / reduce : decrease vi.,vt. 指不断地逐渐减少、减小、减弱，可用作名词，但较常用作不及物动词 The rainfall is decreasing. 雨量在减少。diminish diminished as the sun went down 太阳下山，就逐渐不热了。Time will never make our friendship diminish. 时间永远不会使我们的友情淡薄。Reduce 是最常用的，含义较广，指（人为的）数量上的减少，尺寸上的缩小，密度、范围的减少，职位、级别的降低，经济状况的恶化，速度的减慢等 to reduce household expenses 减少家庭开支 reduce labour force 减少劳动力

2. alter / change / convert : alter 指对事物的外观或用途部分做细小的修改，原来的性质和本质并未发生根本变化 alter the hemline of this skirt 修改这条裙子的下摆 alter the bookshop into a self-service grocery 把书店改成自助食品杂货店。change 是最常用的词，比alter使用更广泛，可指小的，也可指大的，表面上的或本质上的、数量上的或质量上的，还可指一事物代替另一事物。Alter the dress without changing its style. 改一改这件衣服，而不必改变它的样式。当change 指

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外貌、用途等方面发生改变时，可与alter通用 Her appearance has changed / altered a great deal. 她的容貌变了许多。Convert 指性质、本质上发生变化 convert defeat into victory 转败为胜 convert food into energy 把食物转化为能量 3. ability / capability / capacity : ability 常指人们做某种具体事情的能力，特别是经过学习而获得的实际本领，通常用于人，后面接不定式、in、at等。He has the ability to swim like a fish.他游泳游得非常好。Capability 指做某事的才干或本领，常与ability通用，但是更强调潜在的能力，可用于人或事物，后面接不定式或of等。He has the capability of solving practical problems. 他有解决实际问题的才能。Capacity 主要指接受、吸收或容纳的能力，可用于人或事物，后接for、of、不定式等。The theatre has a seating capacity of 400 people. 这个戏院可容纳400人。

四、 课文A语篇与难点 课文语篇 课文主题

The computer revolution is set to turn smart cars a reality. There‘re presently 500 million automobiles. Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. Smart cars that could eliminate most of some kinks of car accidents can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, refuse to start up, and alert the police if stolen. Starting at the centre divider for long is a grossly underestimated hazard. Getting stuck in traffic is most frustrating. Four atomic clocks vibrate at a precise frequency. Satellites send out a radio signal. Any delay can be converted into a distance. With the price of microchips dropping drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. Magellan Systems Corp. Manufacturing navigational systems say the commercial industry is poised to explode. Prototypes of such highways are being made to mount computer chips. The plan calls for computers to take complete control of driving. Cars will be bunched into groups. Telemetries may well be incorporated into one major highway. This could prove to decrease pollution, as well as an alternative to highway expansion. 课文结构

Part One Paras. 1-3 .New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.

Part Two Paras. 4-9. With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.

Part three Paras. 10-13. GPS and ―telematics‖ will make it possible to build smart

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highways, which will benefit us in more than one way. 课文重点、难点

1. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents id so vast that we don‘t even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. 在汽车事故种死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。 ⑴ people 后接限定性定于从句 ⑵ so…that 表示“如此……以致”

⑶ anymore 是adv. 一般只用于否定句或与含有否定意义的词连用，表示“不再”

2. Should you make a serous driving mistake (e.g. change lanes when then there is a car in your ―blind spot‖) the computer would sound an immediate warning. 如果你发生重大行车失误（如变道时有车辆在你的“盲点”内），计算机会立即发出报警。

⑴ 在这个句子中，运用了虚拟语气，并在从句中省略掉 if 把 should 提前，原句为“If you should make a serous driving mistake the computer would sound an immediate warning.”

3. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divide for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard.

一连数小时注视着中央分道线这样一个单调、几乎能催眠的过程是被严重低估的威胁生命的重大隐患。

本句主语中心词process前面两个形容词做定语，后面还有介词of＋动名词短语作其定语，翻译时应按汉语的习惯均要翻译到中心词“过程”前面。另外，表语hazard 前面是一过去分词和一现在分词作定语。

4. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite‘s signal can be converted into a distance.

由于光速为人所熟知，接受卫星信号时的任何时间迟缓都能折算除距离的远近。

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