全新版大学英语第四册综合教程单词详解(2)

战斗，只能只持续几小时，也可能持续若干天。fight 意为―战斗‖，往往指战场上的搏斗，还可作―打架‖解。struggle 意为―斗争‖，常侧重于精神上或政治上的斗争。

His work was stopped, however, by the First World War.然而，由于第一次世界大战，他的（研究）工作停顿了。

Did you serve in either of my last two campaigns?我的上两次战役你参加过一次没有？

No one was killed in that battle.那次战斗中无一人阵亡。 It is a fight between life and death.这是一场生死搏斗。

Many of these songs called on the workers to take up the struggle.这些歌曲中有许多是号召工人们起来斗争的。 3. acute, critical, crucial, urgent

这一组形容词都有\严重的，重要的\意思。 1) acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

2) critical a.意为\关键的\，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。

与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指\批判性的，分析 性的\。

It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，否则你会不及格的。

3) crucial a.意为\决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的\，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。

Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。 {附加辨析}decisive和decided decisive “果断的，断然的”； decisive measures 断然的措施。 decided “明确的，无疑的”；a decided success 明显的成功。

4) urgent a.意为\紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的\，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调\紧急的\状态。

We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。

4. attack, assail, assault, charge, beset, descend on, overtake, storm 攻打，进攻

1) 一切具有进攻性的行为，特别是指无缘无故地用武力偷袭敌人attack

2) 用武力或其他手段突然打击敌人，特别是猛烈的连续袭击 assail 3) 用武力相互攻击对方，特别指肉搏战assault

4) 冲击或骑兵的突然攻击charge 5) 从各个方向攻击beset

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6) 指捕食的鹰俯冲下来捕捉牺牲品，但它常常用于形象的比喻descend on 7) 暴风雨、麻烦等突然降临某人、某个地方 overtake

8) 用炮弹、烟火弹或导弹进行攻击 bombard 9) 试图去破坏有防守的，筑有工事的地方storm

例句：歹徒时常在黑暗的街道上攻击被害者。 Muggers often assault their victims on dark streets. 5. retire, retreat, withdraw, flee, fly 这些动词均含“退下、退却”之意。

1) Retire,指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。

2) Retreat, 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。

3) Withdraw, 侧重因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退

4) flee, 书面用词，侧重指逃跑时动作匆忙，多含惧怕之意。 5) fly含义与flee相同，但系非正式用词。

四、课文A语篇与难点 课文语篇 I．课文主题

Throughout the history of mankind, there have been many conquerors. Chengis Khan spent his entire life conquering neighboring peoples and expanding the Mongolian Empire. Many Roman Emperors did the same for the Rome empire — so much so that at one time they ruled modern-day Great Britain.

Both the Mongolian and Roman Empires had their rise and fall in the distant past. Yet if we want to examine conquerors, there is no need to go back that far. This text will focus on Napoleon and Hitler.

Man changes nature in order to live. However, man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature. In this text, Napoleon and Hitler launched military campaigns against Russia (the Soviet Union), but they both ignored the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter — the Icy Defender. As a result, they both failed. Warm-up

1) Discussion: Man or nature, which is more powerful?

2) Ss form groups to analyze the similarities and differences between the two invasions. When they finish, some Ss groups report to class.

3) A Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions (参见教师用书P3 II)

Cultural Notes (参见教师用书P4-7) II．课文结构

Text organization

Part one (Paras 1-2) Introduction—Both Napoleon‘s and Hitler‘s military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.

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Part two (Paras 3-11) Napoleon‘s military campaign against Russia

Part three (Paras 12-20) Hitler‘s military campaign against the Soviet Union Part four (Paras 21) Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. 课文重点、难点

1. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow---- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.

但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌――俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。

But表转折。定语从句that met him in Moscow修饰the devastating enemy。The raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter 作 enemy 的同位语。

2. In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side.

到了八月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。 本句中，定语从名that left over ten thousand dead on each side 修饰 a battle. 3. The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French．

法军的撤离成为一场噩梦。俄国人出没于田野与森林，采用打了就跑的战术，向法国人发起攻击。

此句中,from fields and forests作地点状语。合成短语Hit-and-run 作定语，修饰attack.

4. To the east of Hitler‘s German empire was the Soviet Union. 希特勒的德意志亮帝国的东部与苏联毗邻。 此句为倒装结构。The Soviet Union 为主语。正常语序为The Soviet Union was to the east of Hitler‘s German empire.注意介词to与at, in, on 在表地点方面的区别。

5. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quic …… 此处隐藏：7044字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……