视听说电子文稿(2)

Passage 1

―It‘s not enough to ask what successful people are like…It is only by asking where they are from that we can unravel the logic behind who succeeds and who doesn‘t.‖

This is the basic idea of an intriguing book called Outliers, by the American journalist Malcolm Gladwell. The book explores the factors which contribute to people who are extremely successful in their careers, for example, the role that family, culture, and friendship play.

Gladwell examines the causes of why the majority of Canadian ice hockey players are born in the first few months of the calendar year, what the founder of Microsoft Bill Gates did to achieve his extraordinary success, and why the Beatles managed to redefine the whole of popular music in the 1960s.

Gladwell points out that the youth hockey league in Canada recruits from January the first, so that players born early in the year are

bigger, stronger and better athletes than others born later in the year. And because they have this advantage at the start of their sports career, they‘re given extra coaching, and so there‘s a greater chance that they‘ll be picked for an elite hockey team in the future.

He calls this phenomenon accumulative advantage, a bit like the idea that the rich get richer and poor get pooer. Success depends on the process by which talented athletes are identified as much as it does on their own abilities.

Another aspect which contributes to success is the 10,000 hour rule. Great success demands an enormous amount of time for practice and Training. For example, the Beatles performed live in Hamvurg Germany

more than 1,200 times over four years, much more than the 10,000 hours Gladwell

claims is necessary for great success. So by the time they returned to England, they had developed their talent and sounded completely different from any other group. In the same way , Bill Gates had thousands of hours’ worth of programming because he had access to a computer at his high school. He also became a teenager just at the right time to take advantage of the latest developments in computer technology.

All through the book, Gladwell repeats his claim that it’s not just talent or genius which determines someone’s success, but opportunity, advantage and even simple good luck.

Outliers has met with extraordinary success, matched only by Gladwell’s own career over 25 years in journalism. As a result, many critics have seen it as an autobiography, in which the writer appears to be apologizing for his own personal achievements. But the idea that you have to be born at the right moment, in the

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right place and in the right family, and then you have to work really hard is a thought-provoking way of revisiting our traditional view of genius and great

achievement. It’s certainly worth reading, as long as you don’t take it too seriously. “这是不够的，问有什么成功的人都像......这是只有通过问他们在哪里，我们可以解开背后谁的逻辑成功，谁没有。“这是一个有趣的书称为离群的基本思路，由美国记者马尔科姆·格拉德威尔。这本书探讨的因素而贡献的人在其职业生涯非常成功，例如，家庭，文化和友谊发挥的作用。 格拉德威尔检查的原因，为什么大多数加拿大冰曲棍球球员都出生在日历年的头几个月，微软创始人比尔·盖茨没有实现他的非凡成功，为什么披头士重新定义了整个流行在20世纪60年代的音乐。 格拉德威尔指出，在加拿大新兵青年冰球联赛从一月的第一，所以在年初出生的球员更大，更强，更好的运动员比在今年晚些时候出生的人。和因为他们有这个优势，在其运动生涯的开始，他们给予额外的教练，所以这是一个更大的机会，他们将被拾起曲棍球队在未来的精英。 他称这种现象的累积优势，有点喜欢这个主意，富者愈富，穷人得到pooer。成功取决于过程有天赋的运动员被认定为多，因为它自己能力。 这有助于成功的另一个方面是10000小时规则。巨大的成功需要大量的时间和实践培训。例如，披头士现场演出Hamvurg德国四年超过1200倍以上，远远高于10,000小时格拉德威尔声称取得巨大成功是必要的。这样的时候，他们回到英格兰，他们制定了自己的才华，并从任何其他组听起来完全不同。 比尔·盖茨以同样的方式，价值数千小时的节目，因为他在他的高中一台计算机的访问。他也成为小将只是在合适的时间采取利用计算机技术的最新发展。 所有通过这本书，格拉德威尔重复他的说法，它不只是人才或天才，决定一个人的成功，但机会，优势甚至是简单的运气好。 离群会见了非凡的成功，只有在新闻超过25年，格拉德威尔自己的职业生涯匹配。因此，许多评论家看作是一本自传，作家似乎要为自己的个人成就道歉。但是，你有出生在合适的时机，在正确的地方和正确的家庭，然后你必须非常努力的想法是一个发人深省的方式，重新审视我们的天才和伟大成就的传统观点。这当然值得一读的，只要你不要太认真。

Passage2

Presenter : Hi we’re talking about typical working hours in the US and in Brazil. Eric…um… you’re from the States, tell me what are the typical working hours in the States?

Eric : Er…traditionally people go to work at 9 o’clock in the morning and they finish at about 5,so sort of a 9 to 5.

Presenter : And, and Penny I…I know you’re English but you work in Brazil, what are the hours in Brazil?

Penny : Um varies slightly, sometimes you can start um on an earlier shift, say, 8 o’clock in the morning to 5 um or 9 until 6. But in Brazil often people will work longer hours than this.

Presenter : Right, right, OK. And what kind of clothes do you wear? I mean do you, do you dress up formally or in a relaxed way?

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Eric : It used to be that you would wear a jacket and a tie to work for…for men but er nowadays an open shirt is OK. You don’t necessarily have to wear a tie and sometimes on a Friday you can wear a pair of jeans to work. Presenter : Oh right, the dress down Friday? Eric : The dress down Friday ,that’s right. Presenter : Does that still happen? Eric : Yes, yes sure it does. Presenter : And how about in Brazil?

Penny : Um it’s fairly casual, quite informal, um I mean you need to look neat and tidy obviously, but you, …… 此处隐藏：7839字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……