2016新课标创新人教英语 选修六 Unit 5 Section 3

[语法初识]

原句感知 ①Seeing from the top of the hill, I could see a beautiful city. ②Not having finished his homework, the boy (1)①、②句中的现在分词短语在句中作时间状语。 was not allowed to watch TV play. ③Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (2)句②和句⑥中的现在分词短语使用完成④He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further 时，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子information. ⑤Turning to the left, you will find the school. 的谓语动作发生。 (3)③、④、⑤、⑥、⑧句中的现在分词短语自主探究 ⑥Having been told many times, he still made 分别在句中作原因状语；伴随情况或方式状the same mistake. 语；条件状语；让步状语；结果状语。 ⑦Though he had been told many times, he (4)比较⑥、⑦句，分词短语与状语从句的最still made the same mistake. ⑧It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area. [语法剖析]

语法点一 动词-ing形式的语态及意义 大区别是句中是否有连词。 版权所有:中国好课堂www.zghkt.cn

Hearing the news, they immediately set off. 听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。

Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while. 写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。

Having been invited to the party, Tom was very happy. 被邀请参加聚会，汤姆很高兴。

语法点二

分词的否定形式是在分词(短语)前面加上not，never等否定词构成。 Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。

即时演练1 单句语法填空

①He sat at the desk, reading (read) a newspaper. ②Following (follow) him, we started to climb.

③Havingbeentold (tell) the answer several times, he still couldn't answer the question. ④Nothavingreceived (not receive) my mother's letter, I wrote to her again. ⑤Beingasked (ask) to give a performance, they are busy preparing for it.

语法点三

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动词-ing形式的否定式 动词-ing 形式作状语

动词的-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1．时间状语

动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。

When reading the newspaper, I heard the doorbell ring. 看报纸时我听见门铃响了。 2．原因状语

可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句互换。

Not knowing how to solve the problem (＝Because he didn't know how to solve the problem), he turned to his father for help.

因为不知道怎么解决这个问题，他向父亲求助。 Being ill (＝Because he was ill), he was sent to hospital. 由于生病，他被送往医院。 3．条件状语

可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句或“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”转换。 Using your head, you'll have a good idea. ＝If you use your head, you'll have a good idea. ＝Use your head and you'll have a good idea. 如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来。 4．伴随状语

不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.

＝ He sent me an e-mail, and (he) hoped to get further information. 他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。 5．结果状语

可以与so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句相互转换，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。 The train was caught in heavy snow, thus causing the delay. ＝ The train was caught in heavy snow, which caused the delay. 火车遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽搁。 6．方式状语

Travelling by car, we visited many places. 我们乘车游览了许多地方。 7．让步状语

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可以与though/even though引导的让步状语从句互换。

Admitting what she said (＝Although I admit what she said), I still think she hasn't tried her best.

尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。

即时演练2 句型转换

①When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. →Hearingtheirteacher'svoice, the pupils stopped talking at once. ②Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. →Beingill, he didn't go to school.

③If you take the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake. →Takingthepath that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.

④European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. →European football is played in 80 countries, whichmakes it the most popular sport in the world.

⑤Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. →Knowingallthis, they made me pay for the damage. ⑥She came into the house, and carried a lot of books. →She came into the house, carrying a lot of books.

语法点四

1．逻辑主语

动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。

Being ill, he didn't attend the meeting.

因为生病，他没有出席会议。(he与being ill之间是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.) 2．独立主格结构

有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.-ing”。

She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home. 她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。

The professor being absent, the lecture had to be put off.

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动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项

教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。

Time permitting, we will answer your questions after the discussion. 如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。 3．独立成分作状语

有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：

generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 judging from/by 根据??来判断 considering .../taking ... into consideration 考虑到

supposing 假设；如果 providing 如果 assuming 假使 saving 除了；除非

Judging from/by her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 听她的口音，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。 4．连词＋现在分词

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